Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-rkxrd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-19T04:15:06.941Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Distribution of Sterols and Stanols in the Tunicate Ciona Intestinalis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

R. J. Morris ,
M. J. Mccartney  and
Q. Bone
R. J. Morris
Affiliation:
Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey, GU8 5UB
M. J. Mccartney
Affiliation:
Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey, GU8 5UB
Q. Bone
Affiliation:
The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

INTRODUCTION

Until recently saturated sterols – stands – were not thought to play an active biochemical or physiological role in organisms. They were generally considered to be diagenetic products of the microbiological reduction of the common natural product Δ5sterols and as such have been reported in sediments (e.g. Gaskell & Eglinton, 1975).

Prior to the regular use of capillary gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) techniques the majority of sterol analyses had been performed on packed column GLC. It is now well known that in the analysis of some of the complex mixtures of sterols which commonly occur in the marine environment, the use of packed column GLC techniques alone is an inadequate procedure (e.g. Ballantine; Roberts & Morris, 1976; Ballantine et al. 1977). Certainly complete resolution of the sterol-stanol pairs cannot normally be achieved on packed columns and identification of the components within each peak has to be made by multiple mass spectral scans across each peak (Ballantine et al. 1976). With the advent of techniques with better resolving powers, significant amounts of natural product stands have been found in a wide spectrum of phyla including molluscs, sponges coelenterates, echinoderms, annelids and tunicates (Morris & Culkin, 1977 and references therein; Ballantine et al. 1976; Ballantine, Lavis & Morris, 1979, 1981; Voogt, 1976; Ballantine et al. 1977; Ballantine et al. 1978; Gupta et al. 1979). In some instances the stanols have been found to account for over 50% of the animals component sterols.

As the sterol profile of marine invertebrates becomes better understood it is clear that stanols are important biochemical constituents of many of these organisms; but little is known of their significance in any biochemical or physiological role.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 62 , Issue 1 , February 1982 , pp. 117 - 123
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ballantine, J. A., Lavis, A. & Morris, R. J., 1979. Marine sterols. VIII. The sterol compositions of two marine sponges. Occurrence of new C26 and C30 stanols in an oceanic sponge. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 63B, 119–123.Google Scholar
Ballantine, J. A., Lavis, A. & Morris, R. J., 1981. Marine sterols. XV. Sterols of some oceanic holothurians. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 53. (In the Press.)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballantine, J. A., Lavis, A., Roberts, J. C. & Morris, R. J., 1977. Marine sterols. V. Sterols of the Tunicata. The occurrence of saturated ring sterols in these filter-feeding organisms. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 30, 29–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballantine, J. A., Lavis, A., Roberts, J. C., Morris, R. J., Elsworth, J. R. & Cragg, G. M. L., 1978. Marine sterols. VII. The sterol composition of oceanic and coastal marine Annelida species. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 61B, 43–47.Google Scholar
Ballantine, J. A., Roberts, J. C. & Morris, R. J., 1976. Marine sterols. III. The sterol compositions of oceanic jellyfish. The use of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry techniques to identify unresolved components. Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, 3, 14–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Culkin, F. & Morris, R. J., 1969. The fatty acids of some marine crustaceans. Deep-Sea Research, 16, 109–116.Google Scholar
De Leo, G., Patricolo, E. & D'ancona, Lunetta G., 1977. Studies on the fibrous components of the test of Ciona intestinalis Linnaeus. I. Cellulose-like polysaccharide. Acta zoologica, 58, 135–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A. & Smith, F., 1956. A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28, 350–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folch, J., Lees, M. & Sloane-Stanley, G. H., 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaskell, S. J. & Eglinton, G., 1975. Rapid hydrogenation of sterols in a contemporary lacustrine sediment. Nature, London, 254, 209–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goad, L. J., Rubinstein, I. & Smith, A. G., 1972. The sterols of echinoderms. Proceedings of the Royal Society (B), 180, 223–246.Google ScholarPubMed
Gupta, K. C., Miller, R. L., Williams, J. R., Gagosian, R. B. & Heinzer, F., 1979. Sterol composition of Ciona intestinalis. Journal of Natural Products, 42, 305–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanazawa, A., Teshima, S., Tomita, S. & Ando, T., 1974. Gorgostanol, a novel C30 sterol from an asteroid, Acanthaster planci. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 40, 1077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramer, J. K. G., Fouchard, R. C. & Farnworth, E. R., 1980. Effect of solvents on the resolution of neutral lipids on chromarods. Journal of Chromatography, 198, 279–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millar, R. H., 1953. Ciona. L.M.B.C. Memoirs on Typical British Marine Plants and Aminals, no. 35, iv, 123 pp.Google Scholar
Morris, R. J. & Barnes, H., 1975. Variations in the lipid composition of cirripedes with respect to species, geographical location and temperature. In Proceedings of the 9th European Marine Biology, Oban, Scotland, 1974 (ed. Barnes, H.), pp. 661–672. Aberdeen University Press.Google Scholar
Morris, R. J. & Culkin, F., 1976. Marine lipids: analytical techniques and fatty acid analyses Oceanography and Marine Biology, an Annual Review, 14, 391–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, R. J. & Culkin, F., 1977. Marine lipids: sterols. Oceanography and Marine Biology – an Annual Review, 15, 73–102.Google Scholar
Patricolo, E. & De Leo, G., 1979. Studies on the fibrous components of the test of dona intestinalis Linnaeus. II. Collagen-elastin-like protein. Acta zoologica, 60, 259–269.Google Scholar
Raymont, J. E. G., Austin, J. & Linford, E., 1964. Biochemical studies on marine zooplankton. I. The biochemical composition of Neomysis integer. Journal du Conseil, 3, 354–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sipos, J. C. & Ackman, R. G., 1978. Automated and rapid quantitative analysis of lipids with chromarods. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 16, 434–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. G. & Goad, L. J., 1975. The conversion of cholest-5-en-3β-ol into cholest-7-en-3β-ol by the echinoderms Asterias rubens and Salaster papposus. Biochemical Journal, 146, 35–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Troll, W. & Cannon, R. K., 1953. A modified photometric ninhydrin method for the analysis of amino and imino acids. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 200, 803–811.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Voogt, P. A., 1976. Composition and biosynthesis of sterols in some sponges. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 26, 84–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voogt, P. A. & Van Rheenen, J. W. A., 1975. On the sterols of some ascidians. Archives internationales de physiologie et de biochimie, 83, 563–572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed