Hostname: page-component-6d856f89d9-vrt8f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T06:12:29.089Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Factorial Analysis in the Ecology of Rocky Subtidal Areas Near Brest (West Brittany, France)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

A. Castric  and
C. Chasse
A. Castric
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Biologie Marine du College de France, 29900 Concarneau, France
C. Chasse
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Biologique, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, 29187 Brest Cedex, France
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In order to investigate the characteristic species and the relative importance of selected environmental conditions of rocky bottom communities in coastal waters and to estimate their richness, 27 sites in the Brest area were surveyed by diving. The abundances of underwater species, from a check-list of 115, were plotted as number of individuals or colonies in m2 or in percentage cover of the rock, against the environmental conditions (depth, bedrock slope, substrate type and sediment nature of the nearest soft bottom). Raw data were converted to biovolume expressed as mm3 m–2 and expressed as log 10 (x + 1).

Various correspondence analyses were applied to these data: the first included bedrock slope (lit/dark surfaces) and takes into account the four biological formations according to the depth. It shows zonation with depth and decreasing light as factor 1, hydrodynamic conditions (waves or current) as factor 2, mixing of estuarine and oceanic waters as factor 3 and turbidity as factor 4. Four species assemblages emerge from these four axes, for which the main species contributing to the four axes may be considered as characteristic species. These correspond well to four broad communities described in British waters: very exposed to wave-action, semi-exposed to wave-action, exposed to strong tidal current, very sheltered sites. The second analysis, in which lit and dark surfaces are distinguished, but some very close sites are fused together, shows in detail the photophilous or sciaphilous nature of the species. Values of hydrodynamic conditions and percentage of surface light plotted on the 'stations-points' of the graphs allow drawing of a factorial network which may be used as hydrodynamic and illumination scales.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 71 , Issue 3 , August 1991 , pp. 515 - 536
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ballantine, W.J 1961. A biologically defined exposure scale for the comparative description of rocky shores. Field Studies, 1 (3), 1–19.Google Scholar
Beauchamp, P. De, 1914. Les Greves de Roscoff. Etude sur la Repartition des Etres dans la Zone des Marees. Paris: Lechevalier.Google Scholar
Benzecri, J.P 1973. UAnalyse des Donnees. vol. 1. La taxinomie. vol. 2. L 'analyse des correspondances. Paris: Bordas.Google Scholar
Bouchet, J.M 1968. Etude Oceanographique des Chenauxdu Bassin d'Arcachon. These d'Etat, Universite de Bordeaux.Google Scholar
Braud, J.P. & Perez, R 1977. Les grandes populations d'Algues brunes de la Bretagne Meridionale. Science et Peche. Bulletin d'Information et de Documentation de I'Institut Scientifique et Technique des Peches Maritimes. Paris, no. 274, 4 pp.Google Scholar
Castric-Fey, A 1988. Les facteurs limitants des peuplements sessiles sublittoraux en Baie de Concarneau (Sud Finistere). Vie et Milieu, 38, 1–18.Google Scholar
Castric-Fey, A., Girard-Descatoire, A. & Lafargue, F 1978. Les peuplements sessiles de l'archipel de Glenan. Repartition de la faune dans les differents horizons. Vie et Milieu, 28–29, 51–67.Google Scholar
Castric-Fey, A.Girard-Descatoire, A.Lafargue, F. & L'hardy-Halos, M. Th. 1973. Etagement des algues et des invertebres sessiles dans l'archipel de Glenan. Definition biologique des horizons bathymetriques. Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 24, 490–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chardy, P., Glemarec, M., & Laurec, A 1976. Application of inertia methods in benthic marine ecology: practical implications of the basic options. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 4, 179–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chasse, C, 1981. Les dimensions spatiales et temporelles de la perturbation de l'ecosysteme littoral par le petrole de '1'Amoco Cadiz'. Legons et propositions. In Colloque International Amoco Cadiz, pp. 359–380. Brest: Cnexo.Google Scholar
Chasse, C, 1983. Le potentiel de production des vegetaux marins des cotes de France. Biomasse Actualite, 3, 4 pp.Google Scholar
Chassè, C. & Kerambrun, L 1982. Les grandes algues de Bretagne; un potentiel enorme, un potentiel sous-developpe. Penn ar Bed, 108–109, 43–52.Google Scholar
Chassè, C. & Legendre, A.F 1977. Benthos de substrat rocheux. In Etude Ecologique d'Avant-projet sur leSite d'Erdeven (Morbihan). (ed. Cnexo, ), pp. 107–147. Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest.Google Scholar
Cosson, J. & Thouin, F 1983. Cartographie et Etude des Populations de Laminaires de Basse Normandie. Rapport. Laboratoire d'Algologie Fondamentale et Appliquee: Universite de Caen, 59 pp.Google Scholar
Dalby, D.H., Cowell, E.B., Syratt, W.J. & Crothers, J.H 1978. An exposure scale for marine shores in western Norway. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58, 975–996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davy De Virville, A 1940. Les zones de vegetation sur le littoral atlantique. Memoires de la Societe de Biogeographie, 7, 205–251.Google Scholar
Delmas, R. & Treguer, P 1983. Evolution saisonniere des nutriments dans un ecosysteme eutrophe d'Europe occidentale (la rade de Brest). Interactions marines et terrestres. Oceanologica Acta, 6, 345–356.Google Scholar
Drach, P 1948. Premieres Recherches En Scaphandre Autonome Sur Le Peuplement De Facies Rocheux Dans La Zone Littorale Profonde. Comptes Rendus des Seances de I'Academie des Sciences, Pans, 227, 1176–1178.Google Scholar
Drach, P 1958. Essai methodologique sur les recherches biologiques en scaphandre autonome. In 'Journèes des 24–25 Fevrier 1958', pp. 29–47. Liege: Centre Beige d'Oceanographie et de Recherches Sous-marines.Google Scholar
Durand, D., 1988. Modele de Distribution Qualitative et Quantitative des Peuplements Sessiles dans les Milieux a Forte Turbidite et a Courantologie Elevee. Rapport DEA Oceanographie Biologique, Universitè d–Aix-Marseille.Google Scholar
Dyrynda, P.E.J. & Farnham, W.F 1985. Benthic communities of a rapids system within the Fleet Lagoon, Dorset. Progress in Underwater Science, 10, 65–82.Google Scholar
Eleftheriou, A. & Basford, D.J 1989. The macrobenthic infauna of the offshore northern North Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 69, 123–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ernst, J 1955. Sur la vegetation sous-marine de la Manche, d'apres des observations en scaphandre autonome. Comptes Rendus des Seances de VAcademie des Sciences, Paris, 241, 1066–1068.Google Scholar
Ernst, J 1960. Prospectives et levees cartographiques des biocenoses benthiques en eaux coheres franchises. Comptes Rendus des Seances de VAcademie des Sciences, Paris, 251, 2566–2568.Google Scholar
Ernst, J 1966. Donnees quantitatives au sujet de la repartition verticale des laminaires sur les cotes nord de Bretagne. Comptes Rendus des Seances de VAcademie des Sciences, Paris, 262, 2715–2717.Google Scholar
Erwin, D.G., Connor, D., Gilleece, P., Howson, C. & Picton, B 1985. The Northern Ireland sublittoral survey;methodology and early results. Progress in Underwater Science, 10, 27–37.Google Scholar
Farnham, W.F. & Bishop, G.M 1985. Survey of the Fal Estuary Cornwall. Progress in Underwater Science, 10, 53–63.Google Scholar
Fenelon, J.P 1981. Qu'est-ce que VAnalyse de Donnees. Paris: Lefonen.Google Scholar
Field, J.G., Griffiths, C.L., Griffiths, R.J., Jarman, N., Zoutendyk, P., Velimirov, B. & Bowes, A. 1980. Variation in structure and biomass of kelp communities along the south-west Cape coast. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 44, 145–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guille, A. Ampamp, Ponge, J. F. 1975. Application de l–analyse des correspondances a l'etude des peuplements benthiques de la cote catalane franchise. Annales de Vlnstitut Oceanographique, 51, 223–235.Google Scholar
Gulliksen, B 1980. The macrobenthic rocky-bottom fauna of Borgenfjorden, North-Trondelag, Norway. Sarsia, 65, 115–136.Google Scholar
Hill, M.O 1973. Reciprocal averaging: an eigenvector method of ordination. Journal of Ecology, 61, 237–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hiscock, K 1975. Ecological Surveys Of Sublittoral Rocky Areas. Report of the UnderwaterAssociation, 1974 (1975), 47–65.Google Scholar
Hiscock, K 1979. Systematic surveys and monitoring in nearshore sublittoral areas using diving. In Monitoring the Marine Environment (ed. Nichols, D), pp. 55–74, London: Institute of Biology. [Institute of Biology Symposium no. 24.]Google Scholar
Hiscock, K 1981. South-west Britain Sublittoral Survey. Final report. Nature Conservancy Council Report, no. 327, 76 pp.Google Scholar
Hiscock, K 1983. Water Movement. In Sublittoral Ecology. The ecology of the shallow sublittoral benthos (ed. Earll, R. and Erwin, D.G.), pp. 58–96Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Hiscock, K. 1985. Aspects of the ecology of rocky sublittoral areas. In The Ecology of Rocky Coasts (ed. Moore, P.G. and Seed, R.), pp. 290–328. London: Hodder and Stoughton.Google Scholar
Hiscock, K. 1987. Subtidal rock and shallow sediments using diving. In Biological Surveys of Estuaries and Coasts (ed. Baker, J.M. and Wolff, W.J.), pp. 198–237. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hiscock, K. & Hoare, R 1975.The ecology of the sublittoral communities at Abereiddy Quarry, Pembrokeshire. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55, 833–864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hiscock, K. & Mitchell, R 1980. The description and classification of sublittoral epibenthic ecosystems. In The Shore Environment, vol. 2, Ecosystems (ed. Price, J et al.), pp. 323–379. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hughes, T.G. & Moore, J.J 1985. Distribution of some sublittoral species in North West Wales. Progress inUnderwater Science, 10, 83–95.Google Scholar
Jones, N.S. & Kain, J.M 1967. Subtidal algal colonization following the removal of Echinus. Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 15, 460–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, W.E. & Demetropoulos, A 1968. Exposure to wave action: measurements of an important ecological parameter on rocky shores on Anglesey. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2, 46–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaandorp, J.A 1986. Rocky substrate communities of the infralittoral fringe of the Boulonnais coast, NW France: a quantitative survey. Marine Biology, 92, 255–265.Google Scholar
Kain, J.M. 1971. Continuous recording of underwater light in relation to Laminaria distribution. In Proceedings ofthe 4th European Marine Biology Symposium, Bangor, September 1969 (ed. Crisp, D.J.), pp. 335–346. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kitching, J. A., Macan, T.T. & Gilson, H.C., 1934. Studies in sublittoral ecology. I. A submarine gully in Wembury Bay, South Devon. Journal of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 19, 677–705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Könnecker, G 1977. Epibenthic assemblages as indicators of environmental conditions. In Biology ofBenthic Organisms (ed. Keegan, B.F. et al.), pp. 391–395. Oxford: Pergamon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, J.R 1964. Ecology of Rocky Shores. London: English Universities Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, J.R 1968. Water movements and their role in rocky shore ecology. Sarsia, 34, 13–36.Google Scholar
L'Hardy-Halos, M.-Th. 1972. Recherches en scaphandre autonome sur le peuplement vegetal de l'infralittoral rocheux: labaie de Morlaix (Nord-Finistere). Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique de Bretagne, 47, 177–192.Google Scholar
L'Hardy-Halos, M.-Th.Castric-Fey, A.Girard-Descatoire, A & Lafargue, F. 1973. Recherches en scaphandre autonome sur le peuplement vegetal du substrat rocheux: l'archipel de Glenan. Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique de Bretagne, 48, 103–128.Google Scholar
Luning, K. & Dring, M.J 1979. Continuous underwater light measurement near Helgoland (North Sea) and its significance for characteristic light limits in the sublittoral region. Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 32, 403–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maddock, L., Harbour, D.S. & Boalch, G.T 1989. Seasonal and year-to-year changes in the phytoplankton from the Plymouth area, 1963–1986. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 69, 229–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mann, K.H 1972. Ecological energetics of the sea-weed zone in a marine bay on the Atlantic coast of Canada. II. Productivity of the seaweeds. Marine Biology, 14, 199–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muus, B.J 1968. A field method for measuring 'exposure' by means of plaster balls. A preliminary account. Sarsia, 34, 61–68.Google Scholar
Remane, A 1940. Einfiihrung in die Zoologische Okologie der Nord und Ostsee. Tierwelt der Nord und Ostsee, 1, 1–238.Google Scholar
Riedl, R 1966. Biologie der Meershohlen. Hamburg: Paul Parey.Google Scholar
Rno, 1975–1980. Recueil des observations. Controles dans la colonne d'eau. In Reseau National d'Observation de la Qualite du Milieu Marin. Campagnes 1975 a 1980. Paris: CNEXO.Google Scholar
Saum, 1980. Le milieu naturel. In: Schema d'Aptitude et d'Utilisation de la Mer de la Rade de Brest (ed. Ministere de, l'Environnement), pp. 35–95. Quimper: Direction Departementale de l'Equipement du Finistere.Google Scholar
Stephenson, T.A. & Stephenson, A 1949. The universal features of zonation between tide-marks on rocky coasts. Journal of Animal Ecology, 37, 289–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thouzeau, G 1983. ètude des Peuplements Subtidaux de Substrat Dur en Zone Portuaire et en Rade de Brest. Recherche des IndicateursBiologiquesde la Degradation Lièe à I'ActiviteHumaine.RapportDEA Oceanographie Biologique, Universitè de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest.Google Scholar
Velimirov, B., Field, J.G., Griffiths, C.L. & Zoutendyk, P. 1977. Theecology of kelp bed communities in the Benguela upwelling system. Analysis of biomass and spatial distribution. Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 30, 495–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, E 1989. Subtidal communities on rocky substrata adjacent to the Channel Tunnel. Progress in Underwater Science, 14, 79–93.Google Scholar