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The Odyssey of William English Walling: Revisionism, Social Democracy, and Evolutionary Pragmatism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2010

Richard Schneirov
Affiliation:
Indiana State University

Extract

In the history of American socialism William English Walling occupies a special place. Born into a wealthy Midwestern family, Walling was educated at the University of Chicago and Harvard, but soon found a calling as a social reform activist when he learned first hand about the conditions of working people as an Illinois factory inspector and a habitué of turn-of-the-century social settlement houses and the Jewish ghetto scene. From that point forward Walling was a major influence wherever he directed his fertile mind and instinct for provoking controversy and precipitating new movements. In 1903, Walling helped found the National Women's Trade Union League and became president of its New York chapter. Six years later he cobbled together a group of anti-racist socialists to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People – then invited W.E.B. DuBois to become editor of its journal, The Crisis.

Type
Essays
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Historians of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 2003

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References

1 New Review (June 1914): 349.

2 For narratives of Walling's life and politics, see Stuart, Jack Meyer, “William English Walling: A Study in Politics and Ideas” (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1968)Google Scholar and Boylan, James, Revolutionary Lives: Ann Strunsky & William English Walling (Amherst, MA, 1998).Google Scholar

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44 Walling, , American Labor and American Democracy, vol. II, 155–65.Google Scholar

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46 Ibid., vol. II, 115 (quoted from American Federationist, November 1924, 54); Walling, , The Socialists and the War, 499500.Google Scholar

47 Walling, , Progressivism and After, 297314Google Scholar; Steward, Ira, “A Reduction of Hours an Increase of Wages,” in A Documentary History of American Industrial Society in the United States, vol. IX, eds., Commons, John R., et al. (New York, 1958): 284301Google Scholar; Gompers, Samuel, “An Appeal: A Strong Statement of Industrial Distress,” August 21, 1893Google Scholar, Labor Leader, September 2, 1893; Mitchell, John, Organized Labor (Philadelphia, PA, 1903), 432Google Scholar; and Myers, Frederick, “Underconsumption: A Rationalization for Trade Unionists,” The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly 30 (March 1950): 237–45.Google Scholar

48 Walling, , American Labor and American Democracy, vol. I, 212–33Google Scholar; Linder, Marc, Labor Statistics and Class Struggle (New York, 1994), 635.Google Scholar On the labor-capital accord, see Brody, David, Workers in Industrial America: Essays on the Twentieth Century Struggle (New York, 1980), 173257.Google Scholar

49 Woll, and Walling, , Our Next Step, chs. 7 and 14.Google Scholar

50 Ibid., 25, 29, 62.

51 Ibid., chs. 15, 16.

52 Some important texts in the history of American revisionist socialism include, Herberg, Will, “American Marxist Political Theory,” in Socialism and American Life, vol. I, eds., Egbert, Donald Drew and Persons, Stow (Princeton, 1952): 489522Google Scholar; Howe, Socialism and America; Kloppenberg, James T., Uncertain Victory: Social Democracy and Progressivism in European and American Thought, 1870–1920 (New York, 1986)Google Scholar; and Harrington, Michael, Socialism: Past & Future (New York, 1989).Google Scholar