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Household Smoking Restrictions Relate to Time to First Cigarette Smoked in the Morning

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2015

Marc L. Steinberg ,
Naomi F. Stahl  and
Jill M. Williams
Marc L. Steinberg*
Affiliation:
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
Naomi F. Stahl
Affiliation:
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
Jill M. Williams
Affiliation:
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
*
Address for correspondence: Marc L. Steinberg, Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 317 George Street, Suite 105, New Brunswick, NJ 08901. Email: marc.steinberg@rutgers.edu
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Abstract

Introduction: The time a smoker waits until the first cigarette of the morning is often used as a measure of dependence with the rationale that more dependent smokers will smoke sooner upon waking than will less dependent smokers after going several hours without a cigarette overnight.

Aims: We sought to examine the relationship between time-to-first-cigarette (TTFC) and household smoking restrictions in two independent samples.

Methods: Two samples of smokers, one treatment-seeking community sample (N = 433) and one non-treatment seeking sample of smokers with serious mental illness (i.e., Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, or Bipolar I Disorder) (N = 94), provided information on cigarette dependence with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and on household smoking restrictions.

Results: Half (50%) of smokers with serious mental illness and 36.7% of smokers from the general population reported that there were no limitations to smoking in their home. Household smoking restrictions were significantly and positively related to TTFC in both samples.

Conclusions: These data indicate that greater attention to TTFC may be warranted. The TTFC item is intended to measure dependence based on the premise that greater dependence should be associated with shorter TTFC. If TTFC is related to a household smoking ban, however, this item may not be assessing dependence as intended in some cases.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Journal of Smoking Cessation , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , March 2017 , pp. 1 - 5
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2015 

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