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A Roman Senator under Domitian and Trajan1
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 September 2012
Extract
Sir W. M. Ramsay has honoured me with a commission to publish in the Journal of Roman Studies the following fragmentary inscription which he discovered under various difficulties, in July, 1913, close to Yalowadj, the site of the ancient (originally Phrygian) Antiochia Caesarea, which belonged to the Roman province of Galatia. The text of the inscription is given on page 302; the circumstances of the discovery are thus described to me by the finder:
The inscription is on a block of stone built into the pier of a bridge at the village of Gemeu, about two hours by road south-east from Yalowadj. The stone is broken on the right, complete on the other three sides. When we found the stone it was almost wholly covered by the soil of the river-bank, but a few letters of the right-hand titulus stood clear. In front of the left-hand titulus is a column which forms part of the bridge. It was very difficult to cut away the soil, as the column stands close to the letters, and after the soil was removed, it was not easy to read the letters, as one had to look at them sideways from a little distance. The letters are, fortunately, as sharp and distinct as when they were first engraved; had it not been for this, it would not have been possible to attain certainty about many of the letters in the left-hand titulus. At least one line of each titulus has been lost at the top. The missing line or lines were engraved on another stone, which stood upon this one. Part of the left-hand titulus is lost; this also must have been engraved on an adjoining block. The entire inscription, therefore, was incised on a wall of some building.
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References
page 302 note 1 For example, Sterrett, Wolfe Expedition, no. 108 = Cagnat, Inscr. Graec. ad res Rom. pert. iii, 300, to which Ramsay calls my attention; at the end, we must supply τοὺς ἐαυτο[ῦ γονεῖς. See above, p. 262.
page 302 note 2 Aberdeen Studies in the History and Art of the Eastern Provinces (Aberdeen, 1906), p. 162Google Scholar.
page 302 note 3 The well-known lawyer of Hadrian's reign, P. Salvius Iulianus, is usually thus called. But in the complimentary inscription set up to him in Africa, he is described as L. Octavius Cornelius P. f. Salvius Iulianus Aemilianus (Mommsen, Ges. Schriften, ii, p. 1,Google Scholar and my Inscr. Lat. Sel. vol. iii [not yet published], 8973).
page 303 note 1 In my Inscr. sel. most of the important inscriptions relating to this point are collected. They include the following examples of patrician tresviri monetales from the empire: 964, 975, 1032 1122, 1137, 1198, expressly described as patricians; 999, 1044, 1049, 1072, 1075, 1104, 1121, 1149, 1171; 986, 1112, 1145, 1155, 1175, 1181, 1185, 7198, earmarked as patricians by their priestly offices, or by the omission of the aedileship or tribunate, which patricians were permitted to miss. A list of the patrician prerogatives existing in the imperial period is given by Heiter, Carl, de patriciis gentibus quae saec. i. ii. Hi. fuerint (Berlin, 1909)Google Scholar. See also Groag, Arch, epigr. Mitth. aus Oest. Vngarn. xix (1896), 145,Google Scholar who was the first to notice the preponderance of the mint-mastership in the ‘cursus’ of the nobles.
page 303 note 2 Patrician decemviri stlit. iud. occur in Inscr. sel. 959 (but before Vespasian), 1126, 1127, 1186 (these three, however, created patricians later), 1197, 1199 (these two quite young); C.I.L. vi, 1553, 1559, 31774; viii, 14312.
page 304 note 1 Inscr. Lat. sel. 989, 1039, 1055, 1064, etc.
page 304 note 2 Mommsen, Staatsrecht (ed. iii), ii, 1101.
page 304 note 3 Both Vespasian and Titus are named Inscr. sel. 1019, vita Marci, 1, 2; Vespasian appears alone Inscr. sel. 1032, Tac. Agr. 9.
page 304 note 4 Mommsen, Staatsrecht (ed. 3), ii, 569, note 4.
page 305 note 1 Inscr. sel. 948, 949, 955, 986, 999, 1032, 1043, 1049, 1063, 1072; these persons are marked as patricians, partly by definite mention, partly by their names (as in 949, 955), partly by their priesthoods, and partly also by their escape from aedileship or tribunate (for example, 948, 986 and 1155). We cannot decide on the cases in Inscr. sel. 1075, 1104, 1112, 1127, 1149, 1155 and 1171; the title quaestor candidatus Augustorum in 1104, 1149 and 1171, tells us nothing about the position of the officers during the quaestorship. Attention was first called to this question by Brasloff, Hermes, xxxix (1904), 618,Google Scholar with whom, however, I cannot entirely agree.
page 305 note 2 Vita Hadr. 3; Inscr. sel. 308; other examples are 928, 980, 1025, 1057, etc.
page 305 note 3 This was a very pretty discovery of Mommsen's (Staatsrecht i, 537, ed. 2).
page 305 note 4 For 1st March see C.I.L. vi, 597; Inscr. sel. 3534. For the Pompeian inscription see C.I.L. iv, suppl. p. 401, no. civ [also edited by Mommsen, Hermes, xxiii (1888), p. 157,Google Scholar and Brum, Fontes (ed; 7). P. 332].
page 306 note 1 [My suggestion is that the engraver erred, omitting the final R before PR and writing AERA·PR when he should have written AERAR·PR. Such an error is, no doubt, improbable in this very carefully engraved inscription, but we are confronted with difficulties every way. If the people of Antioch were careless about the exact titles of the emperor (p. 304, above), they may also have been careless about a detail of Roman usage in spelling or in the name of an official.—W. M. R.]
page 306 note 2 For Galba, see Suet. Galba, 8. For Regulus, Inscr. sel. 8815. For Saturninus, 923, 923a. For Veiento, 1010. Later examples may be found in 1043, 1044, 1075, 1081, 1094, 3250.
page 306 note 3 See my remarks, Eph. Epigr. iii, 223.
page 307 note 1 See Inscr. sel. 971 (Claudius), 1043 (Trajan) and C.I.L. vi, 2122 (Tiberius). The reges mentioned in Inscr. sel. 4016, 4942, 6196 and 6607 belong to small towns (especially old settlements in the neighbourhood of Rome) and not to Rome itself. No.4941 is uncertain.
page 307 note 2 Inscr. sel. 964, 1028.
page 307 note 3 See Eph. Epigr. ix, 897 = Inscr. sel. 9010; Wiener Studien, xxv (1903), 326Google Scholar = Inscr. sel. 8902; Inscr. sel. 1451. For ordinary examples of a Curio, see 233, 1064, 1164, 5009.
page 307 note 4 Eph. epigr. viii, 302, p. 520.
page 307 note 5 Since I wrote the above, Sir William has told me that at this point of the stone it was especially difficult to be sure of the punctuation marks.
page 307 note 6 C.I.L. vi, 2165, col. ii, v, 51, Henzen, Acta fratrum Arvalium, p. cxx. The rest of the boy's name is not preserved on the stone.
page 308 note 1 For the inscription see Jahreshefte des österr. archaeol. Institute, i (1898), app. p. 76,Google Scholar and Heberdey, ibid. viii (1905), p. 235, note 7. For the coins, Catal. of Greek coins in the British Museum, Ionia, p. 110, and Prosopogr. Imp. Rom. i, p. 292, no. 285.
page 308 note 2 Catal. of Greek coins, Ionia, p. 111; Prosopogr. i, p. 266, no. 138.
page 308 note 3 So Heberdey, Jahreshefte, viii, 236Google Scholar. The interval naturally tended to increase as time went on, since there were many more than two consuls a year.
page 308 note 4 For the former see Inscr. sel. 1062, and Prosopogr. ii, p. 293, no. 222, and iii, p. 261, no. 602; for the latter, ibid. iii, p. 166, no. 103.
page 308 note 5 Wroth, Greek coins of Galatia and Cappadocia, P·95·
page 308 note 6 Babelon, and Reinach, , Recueil général des monnaies grecques d'Asie mineure, i, p. 102,Google Scholar no. 1.
page 309 note 1 Prosopogr. ii, p. 31, no. 4; Inscr. sel. 1054; Cagnat, Année épigraphique, 1911, no. 111.
page 309 note 2 Prosopogr. ii, p. 27, no. 156. No doubt the hated name sometimes escaped erasure, and some-times it was used for convenience in dating, etc. But so formal and prominent a mention as would have to be assumed here is unparalleled in Trajan's reign.