Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T04:28:45.223Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A study of dosimetric characteristics for in vivo dosimetry with cylindrical n-type Isorad diode

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2013

Kashif Islam*
Affiliation:
Medical Physics Department, Gujranwala Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Radiotherapy (GINUM), Gujranwala, Pakistan
Asdar Haque
Affiliation:
Medical Physics Department, Karachi Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Radiotherapy (KIRAN) Karachi, Pakistan
Khan Muhammad
Affiliation:
Radiotherapy Department, Larkana Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Radiotherapy (LINAR) Larkana, Pakistan
Sohail Murad
Affiliation:
Radiation Oncology, Gujranwala Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Radiotherapy (GINUM), Gujranwala, Pakistan
Muzaffar Hussain
Affiliation:
Medical Physics Department, Karachi Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Radiotherapy (KIRAN) Karachi, Pakistan
Asma Ashfaq
Affiliation:
Clinical Oncology, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Atif Islam
Affiliation:
College of Polymer Engineering, Plastics Technology Center, Karachi, Pakistan
*
Correspondence to: Kashif Islam, Gujranwala Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Radiotherapy (GINUM), Nizam Pur, Sialkot Road, Gujranwala, Pakistan. Tel: 92-333-8102831; Office: 92-55-3493370-72 ext 3083. Fax: 92-055-3493379. E-mail: Kashif_iislam@hotmail.com

Abstract

Background and purpose

The objective was to determine diode characteristics before actual dose verification on human phantom and patients.

Materials and methods

The reliability and stability of equipment, signal stability, precision, dose response linearity, field flatness, perturbation of radiation dose, plastic to water conversion factor (Kpl), ionisation chambers (ICs) and diode calibration were determined. Correction factors for tray (CFtray), wedge (CFwedge), field size (CFFS), SSD (CFSSD), angle (CFangle) and block (CFblock) were found. Patient dose monitor, Isorad diode (n-type) and IC (PTW Frieburg), Co-60 unit (Theratron), ATOM Adult male human phantom (Model 701-D, CIRS) were used.

Results and conclusion

Good signal stability, precise data, and linear dose response, variation of 0·500% and 5·000% in field flatness and perturbation tests, respectively, were noted. Kpl was 1·006 for IC PTW Frieburg TW30013, 0114. The diode calibration factor was 0·989. CFtray, CFFS, CFSSD, CFangle, CFblock were 1·001, 1·001, 0·997, 1·006 and 0·990, respectively. CFwedge were 1·024, 1·030 and 1·038 for 30°, 45° and 60° wedges, respectively. The verification of above correction factors (CFs) on Nasopharynx and lung of human phantom was also done.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Meigooni, A S, Sowards, K, Myron, G. Evaluation of the veridose invivo dosimetry system. Med Dosim 2002; 27: 2936.Google Scholar
2.Beddar, A S, Mason, D J, O'Brien, P F. Absorbed dose perturbation caused by diodes for small field photon dosimetery. Med Phys 1994; 21: 10751079.Google Scholar
3.Sen, A, Parsai, E I, McNeeley, S W, Ayyangar, K M. Quantitative assessment of beam perturbations caused by silicon diodes used for invivo dosimetry. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996; 36: 205211.Google Scholar
4.Hewlett, S, Duggan, L, Bazley, S, Kron, T. Selective in vivo dosimetry in radiotherapy using p-type semiconductor diodes: a reliable quality assurance procedure. Med Dosim 1999; 24: 5356.Google Scholar
5.Blyth, C, McLeod, A S, Thwaites, D I. A pilot study of the use of in vivo diode dosimetry for quality assurance in radiotherapy. Radiography 1997; 3: 131142.Google Scholar
6.Appleyard, R, Ball, K, Hughes, F Eet al. Systematic in vivo dosimetry for quality assurance using diodes 2: Assessing radiotherapy techniques and developing an appropriate action protocol. J Radiother Prac 2005; 4: 143154.Google Scholar
7.Essers, M, Mijnheer, B J. In vivo dosimetry during external photon beam radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phy 1999; 43: 245259.Google Scholar
8.Fontenla, D P, Yaparpalvi, R, Chui, C S, Briot, E. The use of diode dosimetry in quality improvement of patient care in radiation therapy. Med Dosim 1996; 2: 235241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Huyskens, D, Bogaerts, R, Verstraete, J et al. Practical Guidelines for the Implementation of In Vivo Dosimetry with Diodes in External Radiotherapy with Photon Beams (Entrance Dose), 1st edition. Brussels, Belgium: Authors & ESTRO, 2001: 12150.Google Scholar
10.Howlett, S, Duggan, L, Bazley, S, Kron, T. Selective invivo dosimetry in radiotherapy using p-type semiconductor diodes: a reliable quality assurance procedure. Med Dosim 1999; 24: 5356.Google Scholar
11.Alecu, R, Loomis, T, Alecu, J, Ochran, T. Guidelines on the implementation of diode in vivo dosimetry programs for photon and electron external beam therapy. Med Dosim 1999; 24: 512.Google Scholar
12.Banjade, D P, Aloysius Raj, T, Ng, B S, Xavier, S, Tajuddin, A A, Shukri, A. Entrance dose measurement: a simple and reliable technique. Med Dosim 2003; 28: 7378.Google Scholar
13.Li, C, Lamel, L S, Tom, D. A patient dose verification program using diode detectors. Med Dosim 1995; 20: 209214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Appleyard, R, Ball, K, Hughes, F Eet al. Systematic in vivo dosimetry for quality assurance using diodes. Part 1: experiences and results of the implementation of entrance dose measurements. J Radiother Prac 2003; 3: 185196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Meiler, R J, Podgorsak, M B. Characterization of the response of commercial diode detector used for invivo dosimetry. Med Dosim 1997; 22: 3137.Google Scholar
16.Fontenla, D P, Yaparpalvi, R, Chui, C-S, Briot, E. The use of diode dosimetry in quality improvement of patient care in radiation therapy. Med Dosim 1996; 21: 235241.Google Scholar
17.Rodríguez, M L, Abrego, E, Pineda, A. Implementation of invivo dosimetry with Isorad Semiconductor diodes in radiotherapy treatments of the pelvis. Med Dosim 2008; 33: 1421.Google Scholar
18.Jornet, N, Ribas, M, Eudaldo, T. In vivo dosimetry: intercomparison between p-type based and n-type based diodes for the 16–25 MV energy range. Med Phy 2000; 27: 12871293.Google Scholar
19.Roberts, R, Philp, A. Correction factors for low perturbation in vivo diodes used in the determination of entrance doses in high energy photon beams. Med Phy 2008; 35: 2531.Google Scholar
20.Allahverdi, M, Mohammadkarim, A, Esfehani, M, Nedaie, H, Shirazi, A, Geraily, G. Evaluation of off-axis wedge correction factor using diode dosimeters for estimation of delivered dose in external radiotherapy. J Med Phys 2012; 37 (1): 3239.Google Scholar
21.Alecuv, R, Feldmeier, J J, Alecu, M. Dose perturbations due to in vivo dosimetry with diodes. Radiother Oncol 1997; 42: 289291.Google Scholar