Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-5wvtr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-20T04:40:09.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Evaluating the Latest Performance of Precise Point Positioning in Multi-GNSS/RNSS: GPS, GLONASS, BDS, Galileo and QZSS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Jian Chen*
Affiliation:
(School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China)
Xingwang Zhao
Affiliation:
(School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China)
Chao Liu
Affiliation:
(School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China)
Shaolin Zhu
Affiliation:
(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China)
Zhiqiang Liu
Affiliation:
(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China)
Dongjie Yue
Affiliation:
(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China)
*

Abstract

The single initial Global Positioning System (GPS) has been expanded into multiple global and regional navigation satellite systems (multi-GNSS/RNSS) as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) is restored and the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), Galileo Satellite Navigation System (Galileo) and Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) evolve. Using the differences among these five systems, the paper constructs a consolidated multi-GNSS/RNSS precise point positioning (PPP) observation model. A large number of datasets from Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations are employed to evaluate the PPP performance of multi-GNSS/RNSS. The paper draws three main conclusions based on the experimental results. (1) The combined GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BDS/QZSS presents the PPP with the shortest mean convergence time of 11·5 min, followed by that of GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BDS (12·4 min). (2) The combined GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo/QZSS shows the optimal PPP performance when the cut-off elevation angle is basically the same because of the rich observation data due to a large number of satellites. To be specific, for combined GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo/QZSS, the PPP convergence percentage is 80·9% higher relative to other combined systems under 35° cut-off elevation angle, and the percentages of the root mean square values of PPP within 0–5 cm are enhanced by 80·5%, 81·5% and 87·3% in the North, East and Up directions relative to GPS alone at 35° cut-off elevation angle. (3) GPS alone fails to conduct continuous positioning due to the insufficiency of visible satellites at 40° cut-off elevation angle, while the kinematic PPP of multi-GNSS/RNSS remains capable of obtaining positioning solutions with relatively high accuracy, especially in the horizontal direction.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abdi, N., Ardalan, A. A., Karimi, R. and Rezvani, M.-H. (2017). Performance assessment of multi-GNSS real-time PPP over Iran. Advances in Space Research, 59(12), 28702879.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, C. and Gao, Y. (2012). Modeling and assessment of combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning. GPS Solutions, 17(2), 223236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, C., Gao, Y., Pan, L. and Zhu, J. (2015). Precise point positioning with quad-constellations: GPS, BeiDou, GLONASS and Galileo. Advances in Space Research, 56(1), 133143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Yang, S., Dong, D., Wang, J., Qu, W. and Wu, B. (2015). A simplified and unified model of multi-GNSS precise point positioning. Advances in Space Research, 55(1), 125134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, Y. and Shen, X. (2001). Improving ambiguity convergence in carrier phase-based precise point positioning. In: Proceedings of ION GPS, 2001, 1114.Google Scholar
Geng, J., Teferle, F. N., Shi, C., Meng, X., Dodson, A. H. and Liu, J. (2009). Ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning with hourly data. GPS Solutions, 13(4), 263270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, J., Tu, R., Zhang, R., Fan, L., Zhang, P. and Han, J. (2020). Contribution analysis of QZSS to single-frequency PPP of GPS/BDS/GLONASS/Galileo. Advances in Space Research. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2020.01.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jokinen, A., Feng, S., Schuster, W., Ochieng, W., Hide, C., Moore, T. and Hill, C. (2013). GLONASS aided GPS ambiguity fixed precise point positioning. Journal of Navigation, 66(03), 399416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kouba, J. and Héroux, P. (2001). Precise point positioning using IGS orbit and clock products. GPS Solutions, 5(2), 1228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurichesse, D., Mercier, F., Berthias, J.-P., Broca, P. and Cerri, L. (2009). Integer ambiguity resolution on undifferenced GPS phase measurements and its application to PPP and satellite precise orbit determination. Navigation, 56(2), 135149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z. and Chen, F. (2016). Improving availability and accuracy of GPS/BDS positioning using QZSS for single receiver. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica, 52(1), 95109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, P. and Zhang, X. (2013). Integrating GPS and GLONASS to accelerate convergence and initialization times of precise point positioning. GPS Solutions, 18(3), 461471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, X., Ge, M., Dai, X., Ren, X., Fritsche, M., Wickert, J. and Schuh, H. (2015a). Accuracy and reliability of multi-GNSS real-time precise positioning: GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo. Journal of Geodesy, 89(6), 607635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, X., Zhang, X., Ren, X., Fritsche, M., Wickert, J. and Schuh, H. (2015b). Precise positioning with current multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou. Scientific Reports, 5 (1), 8328.Google Scholar
Lou, Y., Zheng, F., Gong, X. and Gu, S. (2016). Evaluation of QZSS System augmentation service performance in China Region. Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University, 41(3), 298302. (In Chinese with English abstract)Google Scholar
Martín, A., Anquela, A. B., Capilla, R. and Berné, J. L. (2011). PPP technique analysis based on time convergence, repeatability, IGS products, different software processing, and GPS + GLONASS constellation. Journal of Surveying Engineering, 137(3), 99108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pan, L., Zhang, X., Liu, J., Li, X. and Li, X. (2017). Performance evaluation of single-frequency precise point positioning with GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo. Journal of Navigation, 70(03), 465482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ren, X., Zhang, K., Li, X. and Zhang, X. (2015). Precise point positioning with multi-constellation satellite systems: BeiDou, Galileo, GLONASS. GPS. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 44(12), 13071313.Google Scholar
Shi, J. and Gao, Y. (2013). A comparison of three PPP integer ambiguity resolution methods. GPS Solutions, 18(4), 519528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, L., Li, Z., Ge, M., Neitzel, F., Wang, Z. and Yuan, H. (2018). Validation and assessment of multi-GNSS real-time precise point positioning in simulated kinematic mode using IGS real-time service. Remote Sensing, 10 (2), 337.Google Scholar
Wright, T. J., Houlié, N., Hildyard, M. and Iwabuchi, T. (2012). Real-time, reliable magnitudes for large earthquakes from 1 Hz GPS precise point positioning: The 2011 Tohoku-Oki (Japan) earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 39 (12), L12302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, F., Zhao, L., Li, L., Feng, S. and Cheng, J. (2018). Performance evaluation of kinematic BDS/GNSS real-time precise point positioning for maritime positioning. Journal of Navigation, 119. doi:10.1017/s0373463318000644.Google Scholar
Zhang, X. H., Li, P. and Zuo, X. (2013). Kinematic precise orbit determination based on ambiguity-fixed PPP. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 038(009), 10091013.Google Scholar
Zhao, Q., Guo, J., Li, M., Qu, L., Hu, Z., Shi, C. and Liu, J. (2013). Initial results of precise orbit and clock determination for COMPASS navigation satellite system. Journal of Geodesy, 87(5), 475486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, X., Wang, S., Liu, C., Ou, J. and Yu, X. (2016). Assessing the performance of multi-GNSS precise point positioning in Asia-Pacific region. Survey Review, 49(354), 186196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, F., Dong, D., Li, W., Jiang, X., Wickert, J. and Schuh, H. (2018). GAMP: an open-source software of multi-GNSS precise point positioning using undifferenced and uncombined observations. GPS Solutions, 22(2), 2233.Google Scholar
Zhou, F., Dong, D., Li, P., Li, X. and Schuh, H. (2019). Influence of stochastic modeling for inter-system biases on multi-GNSS undifferenced and uncombined precise point positioning. GPS Solutions, 23(3), 2359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zumberge, J. F., Heflin, M. B., Jefferson, D. C., Watkins, M. M. and Webb, F. H. (1997). Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(B3), 50055017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar