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¹¹ For earlier versions of ‘capacity’ approaches, see Coleman, James S., ‘The Development Syndrome: differentiation-equality-capacity’, in Leonard Binder et al., Crises and Sequences in Political Development (Princeton, 1971), pp. 73–100,Google Scholar and Grew, Raymond, ‘The Crises and their Sequences’, in Grew, (ed.), Crises and Political Development in Europe and the United States (Princeton, 1978), pp. 3–37.Google Scholar

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²⁴ Low, D. A., ‘The Dislocated Polity’, in Hansen, Holger Bernt and Twaddle, Michael (eds.), Uganda Now: between decay and development (London, Athens, OH, and Nairobi, 1988), pp. 36–53. This concept is a variation on the larger theme about the inability of African states to build institutions that can establish legitimacy and authorityGoogle Scholar. For the ‘classic’ view, see Zolberg, Aristide, ‘The Structure of Political Conflict in the New States of Tropical Africa’, in American Political Science Review (Washington, DC), 62, 4, 12 1968, pp. 70–87.Google Scholar

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³⁸ Omara-Otunnu, op. cit. p. 151.

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⁴¹ Omara-Otunnu, op. cit. p. 154.

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⁴⁹ FBIS-Africa, 2 June 1987, p. 1.

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⁵⁴ Ibid. 29 December 1987, p. 3.

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⁵⁶ Kenya Times (Nairobi), 20 04 1989, p. 6.Google Scholar

⁵⁷ Africa Confidential (London), 30, 15, 28 04 1989, pp. 3–4.Google Scholar

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⁶⁶ Le Monde (Paris), 15 02 1993, quoted a French intelligence source as saying that the R.P.F. offensive could not have been possible without logistical support from Uganda and the direct involvement of some of that country's soldiersGoogle Scholar. For a summary of claims and denials, see The New Vision (Kampala), 20 02 1993.Google Scholar

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⁶⁸ Daily News, 28 October 1991.

⁶⁹ Africa Confidential, 2 September 1991, p. 3, cites such a call by Amii Omara-Otunnu. Cf.Khadiagala, Gilbert M., ‘Thoughts on Africa and the New World Order’, in The Round Table (London), 324, 10 1992, pp. 431–50.Google Scholar

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⁷⁸ New Vision, 19 September 1992, 13 and 17 February 1993. Although Major-General Elly Tumwine, the Chairman of the Uganda Veterans Assistance Board, denied any relationship between demobilisation and increased insecurity, residents in some northern districts have attributed the resurgence of banditry to the removal of government troops.Google Scholar

⁷⁹ The Washington Times, 31 August 1992, p. A2, and The New York Times, 10 September 1992, p. A4.

⁸⁰ The New York Times, 31 December 1992, p. A6.

⁸¹ Cited in Toronto Star, 9 September 1992, p. 14.

⁸² New Vision, 11 September 1992. For external reactions to Amnesty International's report, see Grant, John, ‘Uganda: donors express concern over human rights violations’, in African Business (London), 1 11 1992, p. 18.Google Scholar

⁸³ Tebere, Richard, ‘Uganda: Government to legislate against NGO “charlatans”’, in International Press Service, 22 September 1992.Google Scholar

⁸⁴ Cf.Landell-Mills, Pierre, ‘Governance, Cultural Change, and Empowerment’, in The Journal of Modern Africa Studies, 30, 4, 12 1992, pp. 543–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar See Jeffries, Richard, ‘The State, Structural Adjustment, and Good Government in Africa’, in Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics (Cambridge), 31, 1, 1993, pp. 20–35, for a critique of the ‘governance’ literature.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁸⁵ According to Tebere, loc. cit., at the seminar organised by the University of Makerere in September 1992 on ‘Pastoralism: crisis and transformation’, Ernest Wabwire cited the case of an Italian N.G.O. which during the 1980s declined to finance a water project in one arid district in favour of importing Christmas cakes for the pastoralists.Google Scholar

⁸⁶ See Nyangoro, Julius, ‘The Quest for Pluralist Democracy in Kenya’, in Trans-Africa Forum (Washington, DC), 7, 3, 1990, pp. 73–82Google Scholar; Imanyara, Gitobu, ‘Kenya: Africa through blinkers’, in Africa Report, 34, 3, 09–10 1990, pp. 17–18Google Scholar; and Throup, David and Hornsby, C. W., ‘Elections and Political Change in Kenya’, in Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 30, 2, 07 1992, pp. 172–99.Google Scholar

⁸⁷ Moi's unilateral closure of certain border posts in December 1992, in order to prevent what he described as ‘Ugandan bandits’ from interfering with the election campaign and voting, led Museveni to threaten to seek redress via the U.N. Security Council. For details, see New Vision, 17 December 1992, and Awori, Horace, ‘Kenya: Moi keeps Uganda border closed despite appeals’, in International Press Service, 25 January 1993.Google Scholar

⁸⁸ Recent electoral processes in Kenya are covered in Todd Shields, ‘Opposition Rejects Vote in Kenya as Fraudulent’, in The Washington Post, 2 January 1993, p. A13, and ‘Kenya Misadventure’, inGoogle Scholaribid. 4 January 1993, p. A20.

⁸⁹ See Bond, Barbara E. Harrell, ‘Repatriation: under what conditions is it the most desirable solution for refugees? An Agenda for Research’, in African Studies Review, 32, 1, 04 1989, pp. 41–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁹⁰ For a summary of U.N.H.C.R. mediation efforts in the region, see New Vision, 30 June 1992.