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^{page 201 note 1} Vail, Leroy, ‘Mozambique's Chartered Companies: the rule of the feeble’, in The Journal of African History (Cambridge), 18, 3, 1976, p. 401.Google Scholar

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^{page 201 note 4} The Colonial Act of 1930 and Decree 26509 of 1936.

^{page 201 note 5} Bravo, op.cit. p. 79.

^{page 201 note 6} Spence, C. F., The Portuguese Colony of Mozambique (Cape Town, 1951), p. 54.Google Scholar

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^{page 202 note 1} Machel, Samora, O Processo da Revolução Democrática Popular em Moçambique (Maputo, n.d.).Google Scholar

^{page 202 note 2} Instituto Nacional de Éstatistica, Annuário Éstalistica, 1969, Vol. 2 (Lisbon, 1969).Google Scholar

^{page 202 note 3} Economia de Moçambique (Lourenço Marques), XI, 6, 1974.Google Scholar

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^{page 203 note 1} See Meillassoux, Claude, Femmes, greniers et capitaux (Paris, 1975).Google Scholar

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^{page 204 note 1} Expresso (Lisbon), 23 03 1978.Google Scholar

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^{page 205 note 1} The second meeting of the Frelimo Central Committee held in 1966 issued a directive to ‘develop production’ in response to these earlier shortcomings. See Frelimo, , Mozambique Revolution (Dar es Salaam), 27, 10–12 1961.Google Scholar

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^{page 205 note 3} Mozambique Institute, ‘Frelimo Social Development’, Dar es Salaam, 1971.

^{page 205 note 4} Daily News (Dar es Salaam), 4 05 1972.Google Scholar

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^{page 207 note 1} Frelimo, , Mozambique Revolution, 43, 04–06 1970.Google Scholar

^{page 207 note 2} See the Report of the 8th Meeting of the Central Committee in Tempo (Maputo), 293, 16 05 1976.Google Scholar

^{page 208 note 1} Departamento do Trabalho Ideologico, Frelimo, , Documentos Do 3° Congresso Da Frelimo (Maputo, 1977).Google Scholar

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^{page 208 note 3} ‘The Mozambican Miner’, 1977, p. 143.

^{page 209 note 1} United Nations, Assistance to Mozambique, ECOSAC, A/3/96 (New York, 1976).Google Scholar

^{page 209 note 2} VIAK, ‘National Transport Survey’, Maputo, 1978.

^{page 209 note 3} Wuyts, op.cit. p.30.

^{page 210 note 1} Sunday Telegraph (London), 9 09 1979,Google Scholar and the Agência de Informaçāode Moçambique, AIM Bulletin (Maputo), 01 1980.Google Scholar

^{page 210 note 2} Rhodesia Herald (Salisbury), 27 06 1978.Google Scholar

^{page 210 note 3} Financial Times (London), 8 09 1979.Google Scholar

^{page 210 note 4} International Herald Tribune (Paris), 2 09 1979, and Financial Times, 8 September 1979.Google Scholar

^{page 210 note 5} Tempo, 1 August 1982.

^{page 211 note 1} Ibid. 7 March 1982.

^{page 212 note 1} Centro de Estudos Africanos, ‘Problemas de transformação rural na província de Gaza’, Maputo, 1979.

^{page 212 note 2} Centro de Estudos Africanos, ‘O trabalhador sazonal na transformação duma economia de plantações’, Maputo, 1981.

^{page 212 note 3} Anon, ‘Aspectos de utilização actual de pesticides’, Maputo, n.d.

^{page 213 note 1} Private communication to the author, Maputo, 4 August 1982.

^{page 213 note 2} Frelimo, , Relatório do 4° Congress, reported in Notícias (Maputo), 27 04 1983.Google Scholar

^{page 213 note 3} Ibid.

^{page 213 note 4} ‘Problemas de transformação rural na província de Gaza’, 1979.

^{page 214 note 1} Ibid. p. 79.

^{page 215 note 1} This agument is developed more fully in Kruks, Sonia and Wisner, Ben, ‘The State, the Party, and the Female Peasantry in Mozambique’, Maputo, 1981.Google Scholar

^{page 215 note 2} Voz da Revolução, 73, June 1981, pp. 32–3.

^{page 216 note 1} Relatório do 4° Congress – subsequent quotes are taken from this Frelimo report.

^{page 217 note 1} Private communication to the author, Maputo, 12 August 1982.

^{page 217 note 2} The Economist Intelligence Unit, Quarterly Economic Review of Tanzania, Mozambique (London), 10 1982, p. 6.Google Scholar

^{page 217 note 3} Ibid. pp. 22–3.

^{page 218 note 1} Lofchie, Michael F. and Commins, Stephen K., ‘Food Deficits and Agricultural Policies in Tropical Africa’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 20, 1, 03 1982, p. 7.Google Scholar

^{page 218 note 2} Africa Economic Digest (London), 30 10 1981, p. 5.Google Scholar

^{page 218 note 3} Agência de Informação de Moçambique, 23 March 1983.

^{page 218 note 4} Veloso, Jacinto, ‘Levantar e resolver os nossos problemas materiais’, in Tempo, 14 November 1982, p. 18.Google Scholar

^{page 218 note 5} Centro de Estudos Africanos, ‘Circuitos de troca e transporte no desenvolvimento do campo’, Maputo, 1981, p. 2.

^{page 219 note 1} Chipande, Alberto, ‘Reforçar a defesa e a vigilância imperativo de revolução’, in Tempo, 21 November 1982, p. 25.Google Scholar

^{page 219 note 2} Marelyn, Oscar, Wield, David, and Williams, Richard, ‘Notes on the Political and Organisational Offensive in Mozambique and its Relationship to Agricultural Policy’, in Review of African Political Economy (London), 24, 1982, p. 119.Google Scholar

^{page 219 note 3} Agência de Informação de Moçambique, 1 February 1983.

^{page 219 note 4} Notícias, 15 March 1983.

^{page 219 note 5} Ibid. 1 April 1983.

^{page 219 note 6} AIM Bulletin, 78, December 1982.

^{page 220 note 1} On this point, see O'Laughlin, Bridget, ‘A Questão Agrária em Moçambique’, in Estudos Moçambicanos, 3, 1981, pp. 9–32.Google Scholar