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Out-of-Plane Compressive Response of Additively Manufactured Cross-Ply Composites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2020

R. N. Yogeshvaran ,
B. G. Liu ,
F. Farukh  and
K. Kandan Open the ORCID record for K. Kandan [Opens in a new window]
R. N. Yogeshvaran
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, LeicesterLE1 9BH, UK
B. G. Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CambridgeCB2 1PZ, UK
F. Farukh
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, LeicesterLE1 9BH, UK
K. Kandan*
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, LeicesterLE1 9BH, UK
*
*Corresponding author (karthikeyan.kandan@dmu.ac.uk)
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Abstract

Digital manufacturing was employed to 3D print continuous Carbon, Glass and Kevlar fibre reinforced composites in Unidirectional (UD) [0°], Off-axis ±45° and Cross-ply [0°/90°] layup sequence. These 3D printed composites were subjected to quasi-static, in-plane tension and out-of-plane (compression and shear) loading. The tensile strength of 3D printed Carbon, Glass and Kevlar UD laminates was significantly lower than that of 3D printing filaments used to manufacture them. The type of fibre (brittle/ductile) reinforcement was found to be governing the shear yield strength of 3D printed composites despite having the same Nylon matrix in all the composites. Out-of-plane compressive strength of the 3D printed Carbon and Glass fibre reinforced composites was independent of specimen size. Contrary to that, Kevlar fibre composites showed a pronounced size effect upon their out-of-plane compressive strength. A combination of X-ray tomography and pressure film measurements revealed that the fibres in 3D printed composites failed by ‘indirect tension’ mechanism which governed their out-of-plane compressive strength. To gain further insights on the experimental observations, Finite Element (FE) simulations were carried out using a pressure-dependent crystal plasticity framework, in conjunction with an analytical model based on shear-lag approach. Both FE and analytical model accurately predicted the out-of-plane compressive strength of all (Carbon, Glass and Kevlar fibre reinforced) 3D printed composites.

Keywords

Composite materials3D printingFailure mechanismIndirect tension
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Mechanics , Volume 36 , Issue 2 , April 2020 , pp. 197 - 211
Copyright
Copyright © 2020 The Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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