Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-fv566 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T13:31:45.575Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Withdrawal of a Conical Pin From a Pool of Liquid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2011

A.-B. Wang ,
Y.-S. Chen ,
Y.-J. Wu ,
J.-Y. Sung  and
A. L. Yarin
A.-B. Wang*
Affiliation:
Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.
Y.-S. Chen*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.
Y.-J. Wu*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.
J.-Y. Sung*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.
A. L. Yarin*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion —Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000Israel
*
*Professor
**undergraduate student
**undergraduate student
**undergraduate student
*Professor
Get access

Abstract

The development of biochips leads to a straightforward, fast and cost effective method to obtain valuable genetic information. A key element of the emerging biochip technology is a microarray system, which fabricates high-density samples on solid materials of a microscopic area. In particular, dots of test liquid are printed on solids by a system of pins constituting a microarray. At present, however, the technique cannot make dots of arbitrary equivalent and controllable size. On the other hand, printing pins in microarrays represent themselves as a particular example of dip coating. In the experiments of the present work, a model of tapered stainless steel needle was withdrawn from different glycerine-water mixtures. Thicknesses and volumes of the withdrawn liquid films were measured as a function of the needle geometry, immersion depth, withdrawal rate, and physical parameters of the liquid. The experimental data are analyzed as a function of the capillary number Ca based on the withdrawal speed and compared to the predictions of the modified Landau-Levich-Deryagin (LLD) theory. The results show that for Ca < 10-2 the thickness and the volume of the liquid follow the Ca2/3-scaling, while for Ca >10-2 — the Ca½-scaling, as it is expected from the LLD theory. Flow visualization is utilized to resolve the detail flow structure. The results put the key element of the pin-printing technology exploited in microarrays into a familiar hydrodynamic context of dip coating. This allows one to expect that under appropriate operational conditions, high-precision sampling could be attainable.

Keywords

Conical pinWithdrawn liquidFlow visualization.
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Mechanics , Volume 20 , Issue 3 , September 2004 , pp. 219 - 232
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, R.O.C. 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Bowtell, D. D. L., “Options Available—from Start to Finish—for Obtaining Expression Data by Microarray,” Nature Genetics 21, Suppl. S, 25 (1999).Google Scholar
2.Brown, P. O. and Botstein, D., “Exploring the New World of the Genome with DNA Microarrays,” Nature Genetics 21, Suppl. S, 33 (1999).Google Scholar
3.Duggan, D., Bittner, J., Chen, M., Meltzer, Y. P., and Trent, J. M., “Expression Profiling using cDNA Microarrays,” Nature Genetics 21, Suppl. S, 10 (1999).Google Scholar
4.Southern, E., Mir, K. and Shchepinov, M., “Molecular Interactions on Microarrays,” Nature Genetics 21, Suppl. S, 5 (1999).Google Scholar
5.Chen, J. J. W., Wu, R., Yang, P. C., Huang, J. Y., Sher, Y. P., Han, M. H., Kao, W. C., Lee, P. J., Chiu, T. F., Chang, F., Chu, Y. W., Wu, C. W., and Peck, K., “Profiling Expression Patterns and Isolating Differentially Expressed Genes by cDNA Microarray System with Colorimetry Detection,” Genomics, 51(3), 313 (1998).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Schena, M., DNA Microarrays, Eaton Publishing, Natick, MA (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Cheung, V. G., Morley, M., Aquilar, F., Massimi, R., Kucherlapati, R., and Childs, G., “Making and Reading Microarrays,” Nature Genetics 21, Suppl. S, 15 (1999).Google Scholar
8.Darhuber, A. A., Troian, S. M., Davis, J. M., Miller, S. M., and Wagner, S., “Selective Dip-Coating of Chemically Micropatterned Surfaces,” J. Applied Phys., 88, 5119(2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Eberle, A. and Reich, A., “Angle-Dependent Dip-Coating Technique (ADDC) an Improved Method for the Production of Optical Filters,” J. Non-Crystalline Solids, 218, 156 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Kistler, S. F. and Schweizer, P. M., Editors, Liquid Film Coating: Scientific Principles and Their Technological Implications, Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 673–708 (1977).Google Scholar
11.Kizito, J. P., Kamotani, Y. and Ostrach, S., “Experimental Free Coating Flows at High Capillary and Reynolds Number,” Exp. in Fluids, 27, 235 (1999).Google Scholar
12.Quere, D., “Fluid Coating on a Fiber,” Ann. Rev. FluidMech., 31, 347 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Wilson, S. D. R., “The Drag-Out Problem in Film Coating Theory,” J. Eng. Math., 16, 209 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Landau, L. D. and Levich, V. G., “Dragging of a Liquid by a Moving Plate,” Acta Physicochimica USSR, 17, 42 (1942).Google Scholar
15.Levich, V. G., Physicochemical Hydrodynamics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1962).Google Scholar
16.Deryagin, B. M. and Levi, S. M., Film Coating Theory, The Focal Press, London (1964).Google Scholar
17.Boldes, U. and Ferreri, J. C., “Behavior of Vortex Rings in the Vicinity of a Wall,” Phys. Fluids, 16, 2005 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Walker, J. D. A., Smith, C. R., Cerra, A. W., and Doligalski, T. L., “The Impact of a Vortex Ring on a Wall,” J. Fluid Mech., 181, 99 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Orlandi, P., “Vortex Dipole Rebound from a Wall,” Phys. Fluids A, 2, 1429 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Chu, C. C., Wang, C. T. and Hsieh, C. S., “An Experimental Investigation of Vortex Motions near Surfaces,” Phys. Fluids A, 5, 662 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Piner, R. D., Zhu, J., Xu, F., Hong, S., and Mirkin, C. A., “Dip-Pen Nanolithography,” Science, 283, 661 (1999).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed