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UV photo-chlorination and -bromination of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 January 2014

Luciana Oliveira ,
Fei Lu ,
Lisa Andrews ,
Gerald A. Takacs ,
Michael Mehan  and
Thomas Debies
Luciana Oliveira
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623
Fei Lu
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623
Lisa Andrews
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623
Gerald A. Takacs*
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623
Michael Mehan
Affiliation:
Xerox Analytical Services, Xerox Corporation, Webster, New York 14580
Thomas Debies
Affiliation:
Xerox Analytical Services, Xerox Corporation, Webster, New York 14580
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: gatsch@rit.edu
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Abstract

Electron-withdrawing halogen atoms are often bonded to the surface of carbon nanotubes to assist in the conversion from metallic to semiconducting properties. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were surface modified using UV photolysis with: (i) a broad band of wave lengths from approximately 250 to 400 nm having a maximum intensity at approximately 300 nm for photolysis of Cl2, (ii) low-pressure Hg lamps emitting 253.7 nm photons for photo-decomposition of HBr, and (iii) low-pressure Hg lamps emitting both 253.7 and 184.9 nm for photo-dissociation of HCl and HBr, respectively, and analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chlorine atoms adhered more readily than bromine atoms with the π-conjugation of the SWCNTs. The dominant increase with treatment was observed in the singly bonded chlorine moiety. Chlorine atoms, generated by UV photolysis of Cl2, produced a higher Cl saturation level of approximately 36 at.% than previously observed for multi-walled carbon nanotubes (13 at.%).The degree of chlorination depended on the amount of oxygen on the surface of the SWCNTs. Photo-dissociation of gaseous HCl and HBr showed lower amounts of halogenation on SWCNTs (approximately 5.8 at.% Cl and 2.5 at.% Br, respectively) than photolysis of Cl2.

Keywords

photochemicalClBrCsurface chemistryx-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 29 , Issue 2 , 28 January 2014 , pp. 239 - 246
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013 

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