Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-cjp7w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-23T01:46:17.903Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ultrafine WC-10Co cemented carbides fabricated by electric-discharge compaction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

X.Y. Wu
Affiliation:
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
W. Zhang
Affiliation:
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
W. Wang
Affiliation:
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
F. Yang
Affiliation:
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
J.Y. Min
Affiliation:
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
B.Q. Wang
Affiliation:
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
J.D. Guo*
Affiliation:
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: jdguo@imr.ac.cn
Get access

Abstract

This research investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine WC-10Co cemented carbides fabricated by an electric-discharge compaction (EDC) process, from powder synthesized by a spray-conversion process (SCP). Due to a short holding time during EDC, a grain size as small as 120 nm can be achieved. We also found that dispersion of pores in WC-Co cemented carbides may contribute to fracture toughness, besides the bridging ligament mechanism.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Berger, S., Porat, R. and Rosen, R.: Nanocrystalline materials: A study of WC-based hard metals. Prog. Mater. Sci. 42, 311 (1997).Google Scholar
2.McCandlish, L.E., Kear, B.H., and Bhatia, S.J., Spray conversion process for the production of nanophase composite powders, U.S. Patent No. 5352269 (1994).Google Scholar
3.McCandlish, L.E., Kear, B.H. and Kim, B.K.: Processing and properties of nanostructured WC-Co. Nanostruct. Mater. 1, 119 (1992).Google Scholar
4.Bartha, L., Atato, P., Toth, A.L., Porat, R., Berger, S. and Rosen, A.: Investigation of hip-sintering of nanocrystalline WC/Co powder. J. Adv. Mater. 32, 23 (2000).Google Scholar
5.Kishino, J., Nomura, H., Shin, S.G., Matsubara, H. and Tanase, T.: Computational study on grain growth in cemented carbides. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 20, 31 (2002).Google Scholar
6.Kim, S., Park, J.K. and Lee, D.: Effect of grain motion on the coarsening of WC grains in the carbon-saturated liquid matrix during liquid phase sintering of WC-Co alloys. Scripta Mater. 38, 1563 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Gurland, J.: A study of the effect of carbon content on the structure and properties of sintered WC-Co alloys. Trans. AIME 200, 285 (1954).Google Scholar
8.Kang, M.K., Kim, D.Y. and Hwang, N.M.: Ostwald ripening kinetics of angular grains dispersed in a liquid phase by two-dimensional nucleation and abnormal grain growth. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 22, 603 (2002).Google Scholar
9.Arato, P., Bartha, L., Porat, R., Berger, S. and Rosen, A.: Solid or liquid phase sintering of nanocrystalline WC-Co hardmetals. Nanostruct. Mater. 10, 245 (1998).Google Scholar
10.Sommer, M., Schubert, W.D., Zobetz, E. and Warbichler, P.: On the formation of very large WC crystals during sintering of ultrafine WC-Co alloys. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 20, 41 (2002).Google Scholar
11.Cha, S.I., Hong, S.H. and Kim, B.K.: Spark plasma sintering behavior of nanocrystalline WC-10Co cemented carbide powders. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 351, 31 (2003).Google Scholar
12.El-Eskandarany, M.S., Mahday, A.A., Ahmed, H.A. and Amer, A.H.: Synthesis and characterizations of ball-milled nanocrystalline WC and nanocomposite WC-Co powders and subsequent consolidations. J. Alloys Comp. 312, 315 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Jia, K., Fischer, T.E. and Gallois, B.: Microstructure, hardness and toughness of nanostructured and conventional WC-Co composites. Nanostruct. Mater. 10, 875 (1998).Google Scholar
14.Sadangi, R.K., McCandlish, L.E., Kear, B.H. and Seegopaul, P. in Advances in Powder Metallurgy & Particular Materials, edited by Oakes, J.H. and Reinshagen, J.H. (Int. Conf. Powder Metall. & Parti. Mater. Las Vegas, NV, 1998), p. 51Google Scholar
15.Kim, D.K., Pak, H. and Okazaki, K.: Electrodischarge compaction of nickel powders. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 104, 191 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Okazaki, K.: Electro-discharge consolidation applied to nanocrystalline and RSP-MA powders. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 287, 189 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Rock, C., Qiu, J. and Okazaki, K.: Electro-discharge consolidation of nanocrystalline Nb-Al powders produced by mechanical alloying. J. Mater. Sci. 33, 241 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Rajagopalan, P.K., Desai, S.V., Kalghatgi, R.S., Krishnan, T.S. and Bose, D.K.Studies on the electric discharge compaction of metal powders. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 280, 289 (2000).Google Scholar
19.Qiu, J., Rock, C., Shibata, T. and Okazaki, K.: Electro-discharge consolidation of atomized high strength aluminum powders. Mater. Trans. JIM 38, 226 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Zhang, Z.Y., Wahlberg, S., Wang, M.S. and Muhammed, M.Processing of nanostructured WC-Co powder from precursor obtained by co-precipitation. Nanostruct. Mater. 12, 163 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.McCandlish, L.E. and Polizzotti, R.S.: Control of composition and microstructure in the Co-W-C system using chemical synthetic techniques. Solid State Ionics 32–33, 795 (1989).Google Scholar
22.Shen, Z.J. and Nygren, M.: Tailoring the microstructures of SiAlON ceramics by manipulating the kinetics. Key Eng. Mater. 237, 149 (2003).Google Scholar
23.Vasel, C.H. and Krawitz, A.D.Binder deformation in WC- (Co, Ni) cemented carbide composites. Metall. Trans. A 16, 2309 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Zhang, W., Sui, M.L., Zhou, Y.Z., Zhong, Y. and Li, D.X.: Orientated nanometer-sized fragmentation of TiC particles by electropulsing. Adv. Eng. Mater. 4, 697 (2002).Google Scholar
25.Zhang, W., Sui, M.L., Zhou, Y.Z., Guo, J.D., He, G.H. and Li, D.X.: Evolution of microstructure in TiC/NiCr cermet induced by electropulsing. J. Mater. Res. 18, 1543 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Roebuck, B. and Almond, E.A.: Deformation and fracture processes and the physical metallurgy of WC-Co hardmetals. Int. Mater. Rev. 33, 90 (1988).Google Scholar
27.Groza, J.R., Garcia, M. and Schneider, J.A.: Surface effects in field-assisted sintering. J. Mater. Res. 16, 286 (2001).Google Scholar
28.Torres, Y., Casellas, D., Anglada, M. and Llanes, L.: Fracture toughness evaluation of hardmetals influence of testing procedure. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 19, 27 (2001).Google Scholar
29.Anstis, G.R., Chantikul, P., Lawn, B.R. and Marshall, D.B.: A critical evaluation of indentation techniques for measuring fracture toughness: I, Direct crack measurements. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 64, 533 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Ravichandran, K.S.: Fracture toughness of two phase WC-Co cermets. Acta Metall. Mater. 42, 143 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Kratic, V.D. and Komac, M.: Toughening in WC-Co composites. Philos. Mag. A51, 191 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Rice, R.W.: Grain size and porosity dependence of ceramic fracture energy and toughness at 22 degrees C. J. Mater. Sci. 31, 1969 (1996).Google Scholar
33.Rice, R.W.: Microstructural dependence of fracture energy and toughness of ceramics and ceramic composites versus that of their tensile strengths at 22 degrees. J. Mater. Sci. 31, 4503 (1996).Google Scholar
34.Reimanis, I.E.: A review of issues in the fracture of interfacial ceramics and ceramic composites. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 237, 159 (1997).Google Scholar
35.Bhaduri, S. and Bhaduri, S.B.: Enhanced low temperature toughness of Al2O3-ZrO2 nano/nano composites. Nanostruct. Mater. 8, 755 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar