Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-x4r87 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T05:24:03.694Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Laser metal deposition additive manufacturing of TiC/Inconel 625 nanocomposites: Relation of densification, microstructures and performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2015

Sainan Cao  and
Dongdong Gu
Sainan Cao
Affiliation:
College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; and Institute of Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing), Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
Dongdong Gu*
Affiliation:
College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; and Institute of Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing), Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: dongdonggu@nuaa.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

Laser metal deposition (LMD) additive manufacturing was used to deposit Inconel 625 matrix composites reinforced with nano-TiC particles. The effects of laser energy input per unit length (E) on the densification level, microstructural features, mircohardness, and wear property were investigated. The relatively low E induced insufficient liquid with higher viscosity, thus inhibiting the melted liquid from spreading out smoothly. As a result, a large number of micropores and reduced densification level of LMD-processed parts were obtained. When the E of 100 kJ/m was properly settled, the obtainable densification level generally approached 98.8%. The TiC reinforcements experienced successive microstructural changes from agglomeration to uniform distribution with coarsening grain, as the applied E increased. The nearly fully dense parts using optimal experimental parameters achieved an increased average microhardness of 330 HV0.2, resultant considerably low coefficient of friction of 0.41 and reduced wear rate of 5.4 × 10−4 mm3/(N m) in dry sliding wear tests.

Keywords

laser metal deposition (LMD)metal matrix compositenano-TiC reinforcementmicrostructurewear
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 30 , Issue 23 , 14 December 2015 , pp. 3616 - 3628
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Shankar, V., Rao, K.B.S., and Mannan, S.L.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 superalloy. J. Nucl. Mater. 288, 222 (2001).Google Scholar
Abioye, T.E., Folkes, J., and Clare, A.T.: A parametric study of Inconel 625 wire laser deposition. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 213, 2145 (2013).Google Scholar
Cooper, K.P., Slebodnick, P., and Thomas, E.D.: Seawater corrosion behavior of laser surface modified Inconel 625 alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 206, 138 (1996).Google Scholar
Bi, Z.N., Dong, J.X., Zheng, L., and Xie, X.S.: Phenomenon and mechanism of high temperature low plasticity in high-Cr nickel-based superalloy. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 29, 187 (2013).Google Scholar
He, J.H. and Lavernia, E.J.: Development of nanocrystalline structure during cryomilling of Inconel 625. J. Mater. Res. 16, 2724 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, D.E., Blundell, N., Maggs, S., and Gibbons, G.J.: Additive layer manufacture of Inconel 625 metal matrix composites, reinforcement material evaluation. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 213, 2191 (2013).Google Scholar
Ibrahim, I.A., Mohamed, F.A., and Lavernia, E.J.: Particulate reinforced metal matrix composites—A review. J. Mater. Sci. 26, 1137 (1991).Google Scholar
Li, X.Y. and Tandon, K.N.: Effect of ion implantation on the dry sliding wear behavior of SiC reinforced Al-Si composite. Surf. Coat. Technol. 90, 136 (1997).Google Scholar
Lei, T.C., Ouyang, J.H., Pei, Y.T., and Zhou, Y.: Microstructure and wear resistance of laser clad TiC particle reinforced coating. Mater. Sci. Technol. 11, 520 (1995).Google Scholar
Mei, B.C., Yuan, R.Z., and Duan, X.L.: Investigation of Ni3Al-matrix composites strengthened by TiC. J. Mater. Res. 8, 2830 (2001).Google Scholar
Jiang, D.F., Hong, C., Zhong, M.L., Alkhayat, M., Weisheit, A., Gasser, A., Zhang, H.J., Kelbassa, I., and Poprawe, R.: Fabrication of nano-TiCp reinforced Inconel 625 composite coatings by partial dissolution of micro-TiCp through laser cladding energy input control. Surf. Coat. Technol. 249, 125 (2014).Google Scholar
Zheng, B.L., Topping, T., Smugeresky, J.E., Zhou, Y.Z., Biswas, A., Baker, D., and Lavernia, E.J.: The influence of Ni-coated TiC on laser-deposited IN625 metal matrix composites. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 42, 568 (2010).Google Scholar
Hui, X.D., Yang, Y.S., Wang, Z.F., Yuan, G.Q., and Chen, X.C.: High temperature creep behavior of in-situ TiC particulate reinforced Fe–Cr–Ni matrix composite. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 282, 187 (2000).Google Scholar
Casati, R. and Vedani, M.: Metal matrix composites reinforced by nano-particles-a review. Metals 4, 65–68 (2014).Google Scholar
He, F., Han, Q., and Jackson, M.J.: Nanoparticulate reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites a review. Int. J. Nanopart. 1, 301 (2009).Google Scholar
Gu, D.D., Hagedorn, Y.C., Meiners, W., Wissenbach, K., and Poprawe, R.: Selective laser melting of in-situ TiC/Ti5Si3 composites with novel reinforcement architecture and elevated performance. Surf. Coat. Technol. 205, 3285 (2011).Google Scholar
Shah, K., Pinkerton, A.J., Salman, A., and Li, L.: Effects Of melt pool variables and process parameters in laser direct metal deposition of aerospace alloys. Mater. Manuf. Process. 25, 1372 (2010).Google Scholar
Qua, H.P., Li, P., Zhang, S.Q., Li, A., and Wang, H.M.: Microstructure and mechanical property of laser melting deposition (LMD) Ti/TiAl structural gradient material. Mater. Des. 31, 574 (2010).Google Scholar
Dindaa, G.P., Dasgupta, A.K., and Mazumderb, J.: Laser aided direct metal deposition of Inconel 625 superalloy: Microstructural evolution and thermal stability. Mat. Sci. Eng., A 509, 98 (2009).Google Scholar
Sun, H. and Flores, K.M.: Laser deposition of a Cu-based metallic glass powder on a Zr-based glass substrate. J. Mater. Res. 23, 2692 (2008).Google Scholar
Rolink, G., Vogt, S., Sencekova, L., Weisheit, A., Poprawe, R., and Palm, M.: Laser metal deposition and selective laser melting of Fe-28 at.% Al. J. Mater. Res. 29, 2036 (2014).Google Scholar
Zhang, Y.Z., Sun, J.C., Huang, C., and Li, G.W.: Characterization of in-situ titanium matrix composites prepared by laser melting deposition. Rare Met. Mater. Eng. 40, 33 (2011).Google Scholar
Rombouts, M., Maes, G., Mertens, M., and Hendrix, W.: Laser metal deposition of Inconel 625: Microstructure and mechanical properties. J. Laser Appl. 24, 052007 (2012).Google Scholar
Zhang, Y.Z., Shi, L.K., Li, G.W., and Xi, M.Z.: Characterization on laser melting deposition of metallic components. Rare Met. Mater. Eng. 40, 27 (2011).Google Scholar
Gu, D.D.: Laser Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Materials, 1st ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 2015).Google Scholar
Gu, D.D. and Shen, Y.F.: Effects of processing parameters on consolidation and microstructure of W–Cu components by DMLS. J. Alloys Compd. 473, 107 (2009).Google Scholar
Zhou, Y. and Wu, G.H.: Analysis Methods in Materials Science—X-ray Diffraction and Electron Microscopy in Materials Science, 2nd ed. (Harbin Institute of Technology Press, Harbin, China, 2007).Google Scholar
Takamichi, I. and Roderick, I.L.G.: The Physical Properties of Liquid Metals, 1st ed. (Clarendon Press, Oxford, Britain, 1993).Google Scholar
Yuan, Z.F., Ke, J.J., and Li, J.: Surface Tension of Metals and Alloys, 1st ed. (Science Press, Beijing, China, 2006).Google Scholar
Li, R.D., Shi, Y.S., Wang, L., Liu, J.H., and Wang, Z.G.: The key metallurgical features of selective laser melting of stainless steel powder for building metallic part. Powder Metall. Met. Ceram. 50, 141 (2011).Google Scholar
Vilaro, T., Colin, C., Bartout, J.D., Naze, L., and Sennour, M.: Microstructural and mechanical approaches of the selective laser melting process applied to a nickel-base superalloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 534, 446 (2012).Google Scholar
Yan, H., Zhang, P.L., Yu, Z.S., Li, C.G., and Li, R.D.: Development and characterization of laser surface cladding (Ti,W)C reinforced Ni-30Cu alloy composite coating on copper. Opt. Laser Technol. 44, 1351 (2012).Google Scholar
Erukhimovitch, V. and Baram, J.: Crystallization kinetics. Phys. Rev. B 50, 5854 (1994).Google Scholar
Boccalini, M. and Goldenstein, H.: Solidification of high speed steels. Int. Mater. Rev. 46, 92 (2001).Google Scholar
Simchi, A. and Asgharzadeh, H.: Densification and microstructural evaluation during laser sintering of M2 high speed steel powder. Mater. Sci. Technol. 20 1462 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qi, H., Mazumder, J., and Ki, H.: Numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow in coaxial laser cladding process for direct metal deposition. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 024903 (2006).Google Scholar
Simchi, A. and Pohl, H.: Effects of laser sintering processing parameters on the microstructure and densification of iron powder. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 359, 119 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niu, H.J. and Chang, I.T.H.: Selective laser sintering of gas and water atomized high speed steel powders. Scr. Mater. 41, 25 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niu, H.J. and Chang, I.T.H.: Instability of scan tracks of selective laser sintering of high speed steel powder. Scr. Mater. 41, 1229 (1999).Google Scholar
Lei, Y.P., Murakawa, H., Shi, Y.W., and Li, X.Y.: Numerical analysis of the competitive influence of Marangoni flow and evaporation on heat surface temperature and molten pool shape in laser surface remelting. Comput. Mater. Sci. 21, 276 (2001).Google Scholar
Arafune, K. and Hirata, A.: Thermal and solutal marangoni convection in Ln-Ga-Sb system. J. Cryst. Growth 197, 811 (1999).Google Scholar
Bellina, J.J. Jr., Kargol, J.A., and Fiore, N.F.: Surface film behavior on a Ni-base superalloy. Scr. Metall. Mater. 15, 211 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar