Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-r5zm4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-01T02:51:07.940Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Indentation size effect in aqueous electrophoretic deposition zirconia dental ceramic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2019

Lei Wang ,
Isaac Asempah ,
Xu Li ,
Sheng-Qi Zang ,
Yan-Fei Zhou ,
Jie Ding  and
Lei Jin
Lei Wang*
Affiliation:
Stomatology Department, Nanjing General Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, People’s Republic of China; and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Science and Engineering Education, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People’s Republic of China
Isaac Asempah
Affiliation:
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Science and Engineering Education, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People’s Republic of China
Xu Li
Affiliation:
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Science and Engineering Education, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People’s Republic of China
Sheng-Qi Zang
Affiliation:
Stomatology Department, Nanjing General Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, People’s Republic of China
Yan-Fei Zhou
Affiliation:
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Science and Engineering Education, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People’s Republic of China
Jie Ding
Affiliation:
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Materials Science and Engineering Education, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People’s Republic of China
Lei Jin*
Affiliation:
Stomatology Department, Nanjing General Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, People’s Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: ray521252@163.com
b)e-mail: ljin@nju.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

Highly dense zirconia dental ceramic coatings were fabricated by aqueous electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and subsequently sintered between 1250 and 1450 °C. Microstructural examination revealed that aqueous EPDZrO2 coatings possessed a tetragonal phase structure and the grain size increased with increasing sintering temperature. Nanoindentation study proved that the aqueous EPDZrO2 coating also had excellent mechanical properties. The effect of different applied loads on hardness and elastic modulus of the 1350 °C-sintered sample at room temperature was investigated by the method of progressive multicycle measurement nanoindentation. The simulative experiment proved that hardness of aqueous EPDZrO2 exhibited reverse indentation size effect (ISE) behavior and then displayed the normal ISE response. The analysis indicates that the reverse ISE is attributed to the relaxation of surface stresses resulting from indentation cracks at small loads and normal ISE is caused by geometrically necessary dislocations. The tetragonal–monoclinic stress-induced phase transformation during nanoindentation is the primary cause of dental zirconia failures.

Keywords

nanoindentationelectrodepositionceramic
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , 28 February 2019 , pp. 555 - 562
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Zhu, Y., Zhu, R., Ma, J., Weng, Z., Wang, Y., Shi, X., Li, Y., Yan, X., Dong, Z., Xu, J., Tang, C., and Jin, L.: In vitro cell proliferation evaluation of porous nano-zirconia scaffolds with different porosity for bone tissue engineering. Biomed. Mater. 10, 055009 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tartaglia, G.M., Sidoti, E., and Sforza, C.: Seven-year prospective clinical study on zirconia-based single crowns and fixed dental prostheses. Clin. Oral Invest. 19, 1137 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sonza, Q.N., Della Bona, A., and Borba, M.: Effect of the infrastructure material on the failure behavior of prosthetic crowns. Dent. Mater. 30, 578 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwon, M-S., Oh, S-Y., and Cho, S-A.: Two-body wear comparison of zirconia crown, gold crown, and enamel against zirconia. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 47, 21 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alao, A.R. and Yin, L.: Nano-scale mechanical properties and behavior of pre-sintered zirconia. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 36, 21 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferrari, M., Vichi, A., and Zarone, F.: Zirconia abutments and restorations: From laboratory to clinical investigations. Dent. Mater. 31, e63 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ozcan, M. and Bernasconi, M.: Adhesion to zirconia used for dental restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Adhes. Dent. 17, 7 (2015).Google ScholarPubMed
Silva, N.R.F.A., Sailer, I., Zhang, Y., Coelho, P.G., Guess, P.C., Zembic, A., and Kohal, R.J.: Performance of zirconia for dental healthcare. Materials 3, 863 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wittneben, J.G., Wright, R.F., Weber, H.P., and Gallucci, G.O.: A systematic review of the clinical performance of CAD/CAM single-tooth restorations. Int. J. Prosthod. 22, 466 (2009).Google ScholarPubMed
Patzelt, S.B., Spies, B.C., and Kohal, R.J.: CAD/CAM-fabricated implant-supported restorations: A systematic review. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 26(Suppl. 11), 77 (2015).Google ScholarPubMed
Denry, I. and Kelly, J.R.: State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dent. Mater. 24, 299 (2008).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manicone, P.F., Rossi Iommetti, P., and Raffaelli, L.: An overview of zirconia ceramics: Basic properties and clinical applications. J. Dent. 35, 819 (2007).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakamura, T., Nishida, H., Sekino, T., Nawa, M., Wakabayashi, K., Kinuta, S., Mutobe, Y., and Yatani, H.: Electrophoretic deposition zirconia/alumina of ceria-stabilized zironia/alumina powder. Dent. Mater. J. 26, 623 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raju, K. and Yoon, D.H.: Electrophoretic deposition of BaTiO3 in an aqueous suspension using asymmetric alternating current. Mater. Lett. 110, 188 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoon, D.H., Muksin, , and Raju, K.: Alternating current electrophoretic deposition (AC-EPD) of SiC nanoparticles in an aqueous suspension for the fabrication of SiCf/SiC composites. Dig. J. Nanomater. Bios. 10, 1103 (2015).Google Scholar
Chávez-Valdez, A. and Boccaccini, A.R.: Innovations in electrophoretic deposition: Alternating current and pulsed direct current methods. Electrochim. Acta 65, 70 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Besra, L. and Liu, M.: A review on fundamentals and applications of electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Prog. Mater. Sci. 52, 1 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raju, K., Yu, H-W., and Yoon, D-H.: Aqueous electrophoretic deposition of SiC using asymmetric AC electric fields. Ceram. Int. 40, 12609 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chavez-Valdez, A., Herrmann, M., and Boccaccini, A.R.: Alternating current electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 375, 102 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ammam, M.: Electrophoretic deposition under modulated electric fields: A review. RSC Adv. 2, 7633 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majic Renjo, M., Curkovic, L., Stefancic, S., and Coric, D.: Indentation size effect of Y-TZP dental ceramics. Dent. Mater. 30, e371 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahoney, E.K., Rohanizadeh, R., Ismail, F.S., Kilpatrick, N.M., and Swain, M.V.: Mechanical properties and microstructure of hypomineralised enamel of permanent teeth. Biomaterials 25, 5091 (2004).Google ScholarPubMed
Mahoney, E., Holt, A., Swain, M., and Kilpatrick, N.: The hardness and modulus of elasticity of primary molar teeth:an ultra-micro-indentation study. J. Dent. 28, 589 (2000).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angker, L. and Swain, M.V.: Nanoindentation: Application to dental hard tissue investigations. J. Mater. Res. 21, 1893 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Apratim, A., Eachempati, P., Krishnappa Salian, K.K., Singh, V., Chhabra, S., and Shah, S.: Zirconia in dental implantology: A review. J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent. 5, 147 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stemmer, S., Vleugels, J., and Van Der Biest, O.: Grain boundary segregation in high-purity, yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP). J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 18, 1565 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mecartney, M.L.: Influence of an amorphous second phase on the properties of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP). J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 70, 54 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Besra, L., Uchikoshi, T., Suzuki, T.S., and Sakka, Y.: Bubble-free aqueous electrophoretic deposition (EPD) by pulse-potential application. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91, 3154 (2008).Google Scholar
Alao, A.R. and Yin, L.: Loading rate effect on the mechanical behavior of zirconia in nanoindentation. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 619, 247 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shao, L., Jiang, D., and Gong, J.: Nanoindentation characterization of the hardness of zirconia dental ceramics. Adv. Eng. Mater. 15, 704 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guazzato, M., Albakry, M., Ringer, S.P., and Swain, M.V.: Strength, fracture toughness and microstructure of a selection of all-ceramic materials. Part II. Zirconia-based dental ceramics. Dent. Mater. 20, 449 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cao, Z.H., Lu, H.M., Meng, X.K., and Ngan, A.H.W.: Indentation size dependent plastic deformation of nanocrystalline and ultrafine grain Cu films at nanoscale. J. Appl. Phys. 105, 083521 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, G., Yuan, G., Jia, C., Yang, X., Li, Z., and Shu, X.: Strain rate sensitivity of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder investigated by nanoindentation. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 613, 336 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebisu, T. and Horibe, S.: Analysis of the indentation size effect in brittle materials from nanoindentation load–displacement curve. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 30, 2419 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luo, J.M., Dai, C.Y., Shen, Y.G., and Mao, W.G.: Elasto-plastic characteristics and mechanical properties of as-sprayed 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia coating under nano-scales measured by nanoindentation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 309, 271 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, T., Bushby, A., and Dunstan, D.: Size effect in the initiation of plasticity for ceramics in nanoindentation. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 56, 1170 (2008).Google Scholar
Ren, X.J., Hooper, R.M., Griffiths, C., and Henshall, J.L.: Indentation size effect in ceramics: Correlation with H/E. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 22, 1105 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, T.F., Oliver, W.C., and McHargue, C.J.: The deformation behavior of ceramic crystals subjected to very low load (nano)indentations. J. Mater. Res. 7, 450 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, H. and Bradt, R.C.: The effect of indentation-induced cracking on the apparent microhardness. J. Mater. Sci. 31, 1065 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sangwal, K.: Review: Indentation size effect, indentation cracks and microhardness measurement of brittle crystalline solids-some basic concepts and trends. Cryst. Res. Technol. 44, 1019 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sangwal, K. and Surowska, B.: Study of indentation size effect and microhardness of SrLaAlO4 and SrLaGaO4 single crystals. Mater. Res. Innovations 7, 91 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sangwal, K. and Kłos, A.: Study of microindentation hardness of different planes of gadolinium calcium oxyborate single crystals. Cryst. Res. Technol. 40, 429 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sebastian, S. and Khadar, M.A.: Microhardness indentation size effect studies in 60B2O3-(40-x)PbO-xMCl2 and 50B2O3(50-x)PbO-xMCl2 (M = Pb, Cd) glasses. J. Mater. Sci. 40, 1655 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bull, S.J.: On the origins and mechanisms of the indentation size effect. Z. Metallkd. 94, 787 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sangwal, K.: On the reverse indentation size effect and microhardness measurement of solids. Mater. Chem. Phys. 63, 145 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleck, N.A., Muller, G.M., Ashby, M.F., and Hutchinson, J.W.: Strain gradient plasticity: Theory and experiment. Acta Metall. Mater. 42, 475 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elmustafa, A.A., Eastman, J.A., Rittner, M.N., Weertman, J.R., and Stone, D.S.: Indentation size effect: Large grained aluminum versus nanocrystalline aluminum-zirconium alloys. Scr. Mater. 43, 951 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, E.Q., Wang, H.F., Xiao, G.S., Yuan, G.Z., and Shu, X.F.: Creep-related micromechanical behavior of zirconia-based ceramics investigated by nanoindentation. Ceram. Int. 41, 12939 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jin, L.: Property study of nano-zirconia formed by aqueous electrophoretic deposition. In General Session & Exhibition of the IADR/AADR/CADR No.89 (Sage Publications, San Diego, 2011).Google Scholar
Johnson, K.L.: Contact Mechanics (Cambridge University Press, 1996).Google Scholar
Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J. Mater. Res. 19, 3 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sneddon, I.N.: The relation between load and penetration in the axisymmetric boussinesq problem for a punch of arbitrary profile. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 3, 47 (1965).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pharr, G.M., Oliver, W.C., and Brotzen, F.R.: On the generality of the relationship among contact stiffness, contact area, and elastic modulus during indentation. J. Mater. Res. 7, 613 (2011).Google Scholar
Li, X. and Bhushan, B.: A review of nanoindentation continuous stiffness measurement technique and its applications. Mater. Charact. 48, 11 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar