Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-x4r87 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T20:40:29.328Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

International Law Has a Role to Play in Addressing Antibiotic Resistance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2021

Steven J. Hoffman ,
John-Arne Røttingen  and
Julio Frenk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Adopting international legal agreements for every global health challenge is not a good idea. Such an enterprise would require unprecedented political mobilization and resources that are impossible to sustain, and it would lead to further fragmentation in global health governance. International legalization also has its costs and trade-offs, including potentially devastating dark sides that we have tallied elsewhere.

Yet we believe that calls for an international legal agreement on antibiotic resistance (ABR) are important and that such an agreement is in fact much needed for the future of global health. We came to this conclusion based on a reasoned assessment of the facts before us — the potential benefits, costs, and trade-offs of an ABR legal agreement — and consideration of four criteria we previously proposed for prospectively evaluating proposals for new global health treaties.3 We came to this conclusion despite previously expressing concerns about adopting new international legal agreements on global health issues.

Type
JLME Supplement
Information
Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics , Volume 43 , Issue S3 , Autumn 2015 , pp. 65 - 67
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Hoffman, S. J. Røttingen, J. A., “A Framework Convention on Obesity Control?” The Lancet 378, no. 9809 (2011): 2068; Hoffman, S. J. Røttingen, J. A., “Alcohol Control: Be Sparing with International Laws,” Nature 483, no. 7389 (2012): 275; Hoffman, S. J. Røttingen, J. A. Frenk, J., “Assessing Proposals for New Global Health Treaties: An Analytic Framework,” American Journal of Public Health (2015): e1–e8, doi:10. 2105/AJPH.2015.302726;; Hoffman, S. J. Røttingen, J. A., “Assessing Implementation Mechanisms for an International Agreement on Research and Development for Health Products,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90, no. 11 (2012): 854–863; Hoffman, S. J. Røttingen, J. A., “Dark Sides of the Proposed Framework Convention on Global Health's Many Virtues: A Systematic Review and Critical Analysis,” Health and Human Rights 15, no. 1 (2013): E117–E1134; Hoffman, S. J. Røttingen, J. A., “Assessing the Expected Impact of Global Health Treaties: Evidence from 90 Quantitative Evaluations,” American Journal of Public Health 105, no. 1 (2015): 26–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, S. J. Outterson, K. Røttingen, J. A. Cars, O. Clift, C. Rizvi, Z. Rotberg, F. Tomson, G. Zorzet, A., “An International Legal Framework to Address Antimicrobial Resistance,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 93, no. 2 (2015): 66; Røttingen, J. A., “Regulating Antimicrobials,” in Frenk, J. Hoffman, S. J., eds., “To Save Humanity”: What Matters Most for a Healthy Future (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015): At 297–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See Hoffman, Røttingen Frenk, , supra note 1.Google Scholar
See Hoffman, Røttingen, (2015), supra note 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Id.Google Scholar
Abouharb, M. R. Cingranelli, D., Human Rights and Structural Adjustment (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Palmer, A. Tomkinson, J. Phung, C. Ford, N. Joffres, M. Fernandes, K.A. Zeng, L. Lima, V. Montaner, J. S. Guyatt, G. H. Mills, E. J., “Does Ratification of Human-Rights Treaties Have Effects on Population Health?” The Lancet 373, no. 9689 (2009): 1987–1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See Hoffman, Røttingen, (2012, “Assessing Implementation”), supra note 1.Google Scholar
See Hoffman, Røttingen, (2011), supra note 1.Google Scholar
Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, “Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally,” available at <http://amr-review.org/home> (last visited April 18, 2015).+(last+visited+April+18,+2015).>Google Scholar
See Hoffman, Røttingen, (2012, “Alcohol Control”), supra note 1.Google Scholar
Behdinan, A. Hoffman, S. J. Pearcey, M., “Some Global Policies for Antibiotic Resistance Depend on Legally Binding and Enforceable Commitments,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, no. 2, Supp. (2015): Online only.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See Hoffman, Røttingen Frenk, , supra note 1Google Scholar
Id.Google Scholar
See Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, supra note 10.Google Scholar
Ostrom, E., Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Hollis, A. Maybarduk, P., “Antibiotic Resistance Is a Tragedy of the Commons That Necessitates Global Cooperation,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, no. 2, Supp. (2015): Online only.Google Scholar
Daulaire, N. Bang, A. Tomson, G. Kalyango, J. N. Cars, O., “Universal Access to Effective Antimicrobials: An Essential Feature of Global Collective Action against Antimicrobial Resistance,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, no. 2, Supp. (2015): Online only; Balasegaram, M. Clift, C. Røttingen, J.-A., “A Pathway towards an Alternative Business Model for Antibiotic Innovation: A Framework, Fund and Institutional Mechanism,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, no. 2, Supp. (2015): Available via aslme.org.Google Scholar
WHA 67.25, Resolutions of the Sixty-Seventh World Health Assembly: Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization, available at <http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA67/A67_R25-en.pdf> (last visited May 20, 2015); World Health Organization, The Evolving Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance: Options for Action (Geneva: WHO Press, 2012); World Health Organization, WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance, available at <http://www.who.int/drugresistance/WHO_Global_Strategy_English.pdf> (last visited May 20, 2015); World Health Organization, Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance (Geneva: WHO Press, 2014); WHA 58.27, Resolutions of the Fifty-Eighth World Health Assembly: Improving the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization available at <http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16340e/s16340e.pdf> (last visited May 20, 2015).+(last+visited+May+20,+2015);+World+Health+Organization,+The+Evolving+Threat+of+Antimicrobial+Resistance:+Options+for+Action+(Geneva:+WHO+Press,+2012);+World+Health+Organization,+WHO+Global+Strategy+for+Containment+of+Antimicrobial+Resistance,+available+at++(last+visited+May+20,+2015);+World+Health+Organization,+Antimicrobial+Resistance:+Global+Report+on+Surveillance+(Geneva:+WHO+Press,+2014);+WHA+58.27,+Resolutions+of+the+Fifty-Eighth+World+Health+Assembly:+Improving+the+Containment+of+Antimicrobial+Resistance,+World+Health+Organization+available+at++(last+visited+May+20,+2015).>Google Scholar
See Hoffman, et al., supra note 2Google Scholar
Hoffman, S. J. Ottersen, T., “Addressing Antibiotic Resistance Requires Robust International Accountability Mechanisms,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, no. 2, Supp. (2015): Available via aslme.org.CrossRefGoogle Scholar