2Stämpfli, MR, Anderson, GP. How cigarette smoke skews immune responses to promote infection, lung disease and cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2009;9:377–84
3Langowski, JL, Zhang, X, Wu, L, Mattson, JD, Chen, T, Smith, K et al. IL-23 promotes tumour incidence and growth. Nature 2006;442:461–5
4Grivennikov, SI, Wang, K, Mucida, D, Stewart, CA, Schnabl, B, Jauch, D et al. Adenoma-linked barrier defects and microbial products drive IL-23/IL-17-mediated tumour growth. Nature 2012;491:254–8
5Li, J, Lau, G, Chen, L, Yuan, YF, Huang, J, Luk, JM et al. Interleukin 23 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via NF-kappa B induced matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression. PLoS One 2012;7:e46264
6Schetter, AJ, Nguyen, GH, Bowman, ED. Association of inflammation-related and microRNA gene expression with cancer-specific mortality of colon adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:5878–87
7Coussens, LM, Werb, Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature 2002;420:860–7
8Mantovani, A, Allavena, P, Sica, A, Balkwill, F. Cancer-related inflammation. Nature 2008;454:436–44
9Balkwill, F, Mantovani, A. Inflammation and cancer: back to Virchow? Lancet 2001;357:539–45
10Schwartsburd, PM. Chronic inflammation as inductor of pro-cancer microenvironment: pathogenesis of dysregulated feedback control. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2003;22:95–102
11Philip, M, Rowley, DA, Schreiber, H. Inflammation as a tumor promoter in cancer induction. Semin Cancer Biol 2004;14:433–9
12Seril, DN, Liao, J, Yang, GY, Yang, CS. Oxidative stress and ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis: studies in humans and animal models. Carcinogenesis 2003;24:353–62
13Macarthur, M, Hold, GL, El-Omar, EM. Inflammation and cancer. II. Role of chronic inflammation and cytokine polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal malignancy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004;286:G515–20
14Mayron, R, Grimwood, RE, Siegle, RJ, Camisa, C. Verrucous carcinoma arising in ulcerative lichen planus of the soles. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1998;14:547–51
15Risch, HA, Howe, GR. Pelvic inflammatory disease and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995;4:447–51
16Karin, M, Cao, Y, Greten, FR, Li, ZW. NF-κB in cancer: from innocent bystander to major culprit. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2:301–10
17Wu, S, Rhee, KJ, Albesiano, E, Rabizadeh, S, Wu, X, Yen, HR et al. A human colonic commensal promotes colon tumorigenesis via activation of T helper type 17 T cell responses. Nat Med 2009;15:1016–22
18Ji, Y, Zhang, W. Th17 cells: positive or negative role in tumor? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010;59:979–87
19Mojtahedi, Z, Khademi, B, Erfani, N, Taregh, Y, Rafati, Z, Malekzadeh, M et al. Serum levels of interleukin-7 and interleukin-8 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Indian J Cancer 2014;51:227–30
20Melinceanu, L, Lerescu, L, Tucureanu, C, Caras, I, Pitica, R, Sarafoleanu, C et al. Serum perioperative profile of cytokines in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011;40:143–50
21Eyigor, M, Eyigor, H, Osma, U, Yilmaz, MD, Erin, N, Selcuk, OT et al. Analysis of serum cytokine levels in larynx squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia patients. Iran J Immunol 2014;11:259–68
22Melinceanu, L, Sarafoleanu, C, Lerescu, L, Tucureanu, C, Caraş, I, Salageanu, A. Impact of smoking on the immunological profile of patients with laryngeal carcinoma. J Med Life 2009;2:211–18