Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T09:53:11.964Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Management of the clinically negative cervical lymph nodes in patients with non-conventional squamous carcinoma of the larynx

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2007

Alfio Ferlito ,
Alessandra Rinaldo ,
Kenneth O. Devaney  and
Antonino Carbone
Alfio Ferlito*
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Alessandra Rinaldo
Affiliation:
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Kenneth O. Devaney
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Antonino Carbone
Affiliation:
Division of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
*
Address for correspondence: Alfio Ferlito, M.D., Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Udine, Policlinico Città di Udine, Viale Venezia 410, 33100 Udine – Italy. Fax: +39 0432 532179 e-mail: clorl@dsc.uniud.it
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper discusses the indications for neck dissection in those patients with laryngeal tumours which prove to be, on pathologic examination, not conventional squamous carcinomas but rather fall into the category either of one of the uncommon histological subtypes of carcinoma, or another type of unusual histological variant of laryngeal malignancy, a mesenchymal tumour. It appears as though these unusual laryngeal malignancies may manifest both biological behaviours and propensities to metastasize to regional lymph nodes that differ from those of the more commonly encountered conventional squamous carcinomas of the larynx. This heterogeneous group of tumours accounts for about 10 per cent of all malignant tumours of the larynx.

Keywords

Laryngeal neoplasmsCarcinoma, squamous cellNeoplasm metastasisRadical neck dissection
Type
Review Article
Information
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology , Volume 113 , Issue 7 , July 1999 , pp. 619 - 623
Copyright
Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amble, F. R., Olsen, K. D., Nascimento, A. G., Foote, R. L. (1992) Head and neck synovial cell sarcoma. Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery 107: 631–637.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnes, L. (1991) Paraganglioma of the larynx. A critical review of the literature. ORL Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and its Related Specialties 53: 220–234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnes, L., Ferlito, A. (1993) Soft tissue neoplasms. In Neoplasms of the Larynx. (Ferlito, A., ed.), Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp 265–304.Google ScholarPubMed
Braams, J. W., Pruim, J., Freling, N. J. M., Nikkels, P. G. J., Roodenburg, J. L. N., Boering, G., Vaalburg, W., Vermey, A. (1995) Detection of lymph node metastases of squamous-cell cancer of the head and neck with FDG-PET and MRI. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 36: 211–216.Google ScholarPubMed
Da Mosto, M. C., Marchiori, C., Rinaldo, A., Ferlito, A. (1996) Laryngeal pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. A critical review of the literature. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 105: 289–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Bree, R., Roos, J. C., Quak, J. J., den Hollander, W., van den Brekel, M. W. M., van der Wal, J. E., Tobi, H., Snow, G. B., van Dongen, G. A. M. S. (1994) Clinical imaging of head and neck cancer with technetium-99m-labelled monoclonal antibody E48 IgG or F(ab')2. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 35: 775–783.Google ScholarPubMed
Dei Tos, A., Dal Cin, P., Sciot, R., Furlanetto, A., Da Mosto, M. C., Giannini, C., Rinaldo, A., Ferlito, A. (1998) Synovial sarcoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 107: 1080–1085.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, P., Ha, C. S., Ang, K. K., El-Naggar, A. K., Knapp, C., Byers, R. M., Morrison, W. H. (1998) Non-nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma of the head and neck. Cancer 82: 1556–1562.3.0.CO;2-3>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duwel, V., Michielssen, P. (1996) Primary malignant melanoma of the larynx. A case report. Acta Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica Belgica 50: 47–49.Google ScholarPubMed
El-Naggar, A. K., Batsakis, J. G. (1991) Carcinoid tumor of the larynx. A critical review of the literature. ORL Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and its Related Specialties 53: 188–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A. (1986) Diagnosis and treatment of small cell carcinoma of the larynx: a critical review. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 95: 590–600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A. (1987) Malignant laryngeal epithelial tumors and lymph node involvement: therapeutic and prognostic considerations. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 96: 542–548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A. (1990) Laryngeal fibrosarcoma: an over-diagnosed tumor. ORL Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and its Related Specialties 52: 194–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Altavilla, G., Rinaldo, A., Doglioni, C. (1997a) Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 106: 1024–1035.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Barnes, L., Myers, E. N. (1990) Neck dissection for laryngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma: is it indicated? Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 99: 277–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Barnes, L., Rinaldo, A., Gnepp, D. R., Milroy, C. M. (1998b) A review of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx: update on diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 112: 827–834.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Barnes, L., Wenig, B. M. (1994) Identification, classification, treatment, and prognosis of laryngeal paraganglioma. Review of the literature and eight new cases. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 103: 525–536.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Caruso, G. (1983) Biological behaviour of laryngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma. Therapeutic considerations. ORL Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and its Related Specialties 45: 245–256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Milroy, C. M., Wenig, B. M., Barnes, L., Silver, C. E. (1995) Laryngeal paraganglioma versus atypical carcinoid tumor. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 104: 78–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Nicolai, P., Barion, U. (1983a) Critical comments on laryngeal fibrosarcoma. Acta Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica Belgica 37: 918–925.Google ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Nicolai, P., Recher, G., Narne, S. (1983b) Primary laryngeal malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Review of the literature and report of seven cases. Laryngoscope 93: 1351–1358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Recher, G. (1980) Ackerman's tumor (or verrucous carcinoma) of the larynx. A clinicopathological study of 77 cases. Cancer 46: 1617–1630.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Recher, G., Visonà, A. (1986) Laryngeal cancer metastatic to lymph nodes with lymphocytic leukaemia. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 100: 233–237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Rinaldo, A., Devaney, K. O., Devaney, S. L., Milroy, C. M. (1998c) Impact of phenotype on treatment and prognosis of laryngeal malignancies. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 112: 710–714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Rinaldo, A., Mannarà, G. M. (1998a) Is primary radiotherapy an appropriate option for the treatment of verrucous carcinoma of the head and neck? Journal of Laryngology and Otology 112: 132–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlito, A., Silver, C. E. (1996) Neck dissection. In Surgery for Cancer of the Larynx and Related Structures. 2nd Edition. (Silver, C. E., Ferlito, A., eds.), W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, pp 299–324.Google Scholar
Ferlito, A., Weiss, L. M., Rinaldo, A., Carbone, A., Devaney, K. O., MacMillan, C., Barnes, L. (1997b) Lympho-epithelial carcinoma of the larynx, hypopharynx, and trachea. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 106: 437–444.Google Scholar
Fielding, L. P. (1997) Prognostic factor development. An important caution from a small study. Cancer 80: 1363–1365.3.0.CO;2-G>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldman, N. C., Katibah, G. M., Medina, J. (1985) Carcinoid tumors of the larynx. Ear, Nose and Throat Journal 64: 130–134.Google ScholarPubMed
Gripp, S., Pape, H., Schmitt, G. (1998) Chondrosarcoma of the larynx. The role of radiotherapy revisited – A case report and review of the literature. Cancer 82: 108–115.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hellquist, H. H., Olofsson, J. (1989) Spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx. APMIS 97: 1103–1113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ishiyama, A., Eversole, L. R., Ross, D. A., Raz, Y., Kerner, M. M., Fu, Y. S., Blackwell, K. E., Feneberg, R., Bell, T. S., Calcaterra, T. C. (1994) Papillary squamous neoplasms of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 104: 1446–1452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kato, S., Sakura, M., Takooda, S., Sakurai, M., Izumo, T. (1997) Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the larynx. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 111: 571–574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lenz, M., Kersting-Sommerhoff, B., Gross, M. (1993) Diagnosis and treatment of the N0 neck in carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract: current status of diagnostic procedures. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 250: 432–438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lippert, B. M., Schlüter, E., Claassen, H., Werner, J. A. (1997) Leiomyosarcoma of the larynx. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 254: 466–469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCaffrey, T. V., Witte, L., Ferguson, M. T. (1998) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 108: 391–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mendelsohn, M. S., Shulman, H. S., Noyek, A. M. (1993) Diagnostic imaging. In Neoplasms of the Larynx. (Ferlito, A., ed.), Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp 401–423.Google Scholar
Moisa, I. I., Silver, C. E. (1991) Treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx. ORL Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and its Related Specialties 53: 259–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myers, L. L., Wax, M. K., Nabi, H., Simpson, G. T., Lamonica, D. (1998) Positron emission tomography in the evaluation of the N0 neck. Laryngoscope 108: 232–236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nicolai, P., Caruso, G., Redaelli de Zinis, L. O., Devaney, K. O., Rinaldo, A., Berlucchi, M., Ferlito, A. (1998) Regional and distant metastases in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal sarcomas. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 107: 540–546.Google ScholarPubMed
Nicolai, P., Ferlito, A., Sasaki, C. T., Kirchner, J. A. (1990) Laryngeal chondrosarcoma: incidence, pathology, biological behavior, and treatment. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 99: 515–523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsen, K. D., Lewis, J. E., Suman, V. J. (1997) Spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery 116: 47–52.Google ScholarPubMed
Orvidas, L. J., Olsen, K. D., Lewis, J. E., Suman, V. J. (1998) Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx: a review of 53 patients. Head and Neck 20: 197–203.3.0.CO;2-W>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pacheco-Ojeda, L., Micheau, C., Luboinski, B., Richard, J., Travagli, J.-P., Schwaab, G., Marandas, P. (1991) Squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract associated with well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Laryngoscope 101: 421–424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panje, W. J., Moran, W. J. (1986) Melanoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. A review of 21 cases. Head and Neck Surgery 8: 309–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schuller, D. E., Bier-Laning, C. M. (1997) Laryngeal carcinoma nodal metastases and their management. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 30: 167–177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snow, G. B., Patel, P., Leemans, C. R., Tiwari, R. (1992) Management of cervical lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 249: 187–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steiner, W., Hommerich, C. P. (1993) Diagnosis and treatment of the N0 neck of carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. Report of an International Symposium, Göttingen, Germany, 1992. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 250: 450–456.Google ScholarPubMed
Stern, W. B. R., Silver, C. E., Zeifer, B. A., Persky, M. S., Heller, K. S. (1990) Computed tomography of the clinically negative neck. Head and Neck 12: 109–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stout, A. P. (1956) Tumors featuring pericytes: glomus tumor and hemangiopericytoma. Laboratory Investigations 5: 217–233.Google ScholarPubMed
Takes, R. P., Baatenburg de Jong, R. J., Schuuring, E., Hermans, J., Vis, A. A., Litvinov, S. V., van Krieken, J. H. J. M. (1997) Markers for assessment of nodal metastasis in laryngeal carcinoma. Archives of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery 123: 412–419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takes, R. P., Knegt, P., Manni, J. J., Meeuwis, C. A., Marres, H. A. M., Spoelstra, H. A. A., de Boer, M. F., Bruaset, I., van Oostayen, J. A., Laméris, J. S., Kruyt, R. H., Joosten, F. B. M., van Krieken, J. H. J. M., Bosman, F. T., Henzen-Logmans, S. C., Wiersma-van Tilburg, J. M., Hermans, J., Baatenburg de Jong, R. J. (1996) Regional metastasis in head and neck squamous cell cancer: the value of ultrasound with UGFNAB revised. 4th International Conference on Head and Neck CancerToronto. (Abstract no.307, p 135).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, L. D. R., Wenig, B. M., Heffner, D. K., Gnepp, D. R.Exophytic and papillary squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx: a clinicopathologic series of 105 cases. Cancer. (in press).Google Scholar
van den Brekel, M. W. M., Stel, H. V., Castelijns, J. A., Croll, G. A., Snow, G. B. (1991) Lymph node staging in patients with clinically negative neck examinations by ultrasound and ultrasound-guided aspiration cytology. American Journal of Surgery 162: 362–366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van den Brekel, M. W. M., Stel, H. V., Castelijns, J. A., Nauta, J. J. P., van der Waal, I., Valk, J., Meyer, C. J. L. M., Snow, G. B. (1990) Cervical lymph node metatasis: assessment of radiologic criteria. Radiology 177: 379–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van den Brekel, M. W. M., Stel, H. V., van der Valk, P., van der Waal, I., Meyer, C. J. L. M., Snow, G. B. (1992) Micrometastases from squamous cell carcinoma in neck dissection specimens. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 249: 349–353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van den Brekel, M. W. M., van der Waal, I., Meijer, C. J. L. M., Freeman, J. L., Castelijns, J. A., Snow, G. B. (1996) The incidence of micrometatases in neck dissection specimens obtained from elective neck dissections. Laryngoscope 106: 987–991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenig, B. M. (1995) Laryngeal mucosal malignant melanoma. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of four patients and a review of the literature. Cancer 75: 1568–1577.3.0.CO;2-M>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenig, B. M., Nakayama, M. (1996) Adipose tissue neoplasms. In Surgical Pathology of Laryngeal Neoplasms. (Ferlito, A., ed.), Chapman & Hall, London, England, pp 375–392.Google Scholar
Wharam, M. D., Beltangady, M. S., Heyn, R. M., Lawrence, W., Raney, R. B. Jr., Ruymann, F. B., Soule, E. H., Tefft, M., Maurer, H. M. (1987) Pediatric orofacial and laryngopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma. An intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study report. Archives of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery 113: 1225–1227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilhelm, H.-J., Dietz, R., Schätzle, W. (1980) Primäre maligne mesenchymale Tumoren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. Zur Problematik ihrer Diagnose und Therapie. Laryngologie, Rhinologie, Otologie 59: 211–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamamoto, N., Kato, Y., Yanagisawa, A., Ohta, H., Takahashi, T., Kitagawa, T. (1997) Predictive value of genetic diagnosis for cancer micrometastasis. Histologic and experimental appraisal. Cancer 80: 1393–1398.3.0.CO;2-G>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed