Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T05:14:56.968Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Military and the Politics of Change in Guyana

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Ivelaw L. Griffith*
Affiliation:
Lehman College, New York City

Extract

The death of forbes burnham in August 1985 and the passing of power to Hugh Desmond Hoyte have produced dramatic changes in Guyana, South America's only English-speaking republic. Some of these have involved: (1) privatization of the public sector, (2) abolition of overseas voting, (3) negotiations with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), (4) rapprochement with the United States, plus (5) an agreement that observers — including former President Jimmy Carter and representatives from the London-based Commonwealth Secretariat—are being invited to oversee the upcoming elections scheduled for either August or September 1991.

Precipitated by domestic and international pressures, these changes have taken place within the context of a change in regimes as well, in which one dominant leader, Forbes Burnham, has been succeeded by another equally dominant, Desmond Hoyte.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Americas Watch (1990) Electoral Conditions in Guyana. New York, NY: Americas Watch.Google Scholar
Barbados Advocate (1988) “Guyana to Send More Soldiers.” (6 October): 8.Google Scholar
Boyd, G. and Hopple, G. (eds.) (1987) Political Change and Foreign Policies. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Braveboy-Wagner, j. (1989) The Caribbean in World Affairs. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Braveboy-Wagner, J. (1984) The Venezuela-Guyana Border Dispute. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Brotherson, F. Jr. (1989) “The Foreign Policy of Guyana 1970-1985: Burnham's Search for Legitimacy.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 31, 3 (Fall): 336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brotherson, F. Jr. (1988) “The Politics of Permanent Fear: Guyana's Authoritarianism in the Anglophone Caribbean.” Caribbean Affairs 1, 3 (July-September): 5776.Google Scholar
Burnham, F. (1975) Toward the Socialist Revolution. Georgetown, Guyana: People's National Congress.Google Scholar
Burnham, F. (1974) Declaration of Sophia. Georgetown, Guyana: People's National Congress.Google Scholar
Burnham, F. (1970) A Destiny to Mold. London, England: Longman's Publishing.Google Scholar
Danns, G. (1982) Domination and Power in Guyana. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.Google Scholar
Danns, G. (1978) “Militarization and Development: An Experiment in Nation-Building.” Transition 1,1: 2341.Google Scholar
De Caires, D. (1988) “Guyana after Burnham: A New Era? or is President Hoyte Trapped in the Skin of the Old PNC?” Caribbean Affairs 1, 1 (January-March): 183-98.Google Scholar
Despres, L. (1967) Cultural Pluralism and Nationalist Politics in Guyana. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Diamond, L. (1988) Democracy in Developing Countries. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) (1989) Statistical Yearbook for Latin America and the Caribbean. Santiago de Chile: United Nations/ECLAC.Google Scholar
Europa World Yearbook (1989) London, England: Europa Publications.Google Scholar
Fauriol, G. (1984) Foreign Policy Behavior of Caribbean States. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.Google Scholar
Garcia Muniz, H. (1988) La Estrategia de Estados Unidos y la Militarization del Caribe. Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico: Institute of Caribbean Studies.Google Scholar
Gibson, C. (1990a) “Elections Observers for Guyana.” New York Carib News (12 June): 4.Google Scholar
Gibson, C. (1990b) “Elections Observers for Guyana.” New York Carib News (17 July): 5.Google Scholar
Gill, H. (1977) “Domestic Political Competition and Foreign Policy: Guyana's Changing Relationship with the Communist World, with Special Reference to Cuba, China and the Soviet Union,” pp. 347-385 in Manigat, Leslie (ed.) The Caribbean Yearbook of International Relations. St. Augustine, Trinidad: University of West Indies, Institute of International Relations.Google Scholar
Granger, D. (1985) Defend and Develop: A Short History of the Defense Forces of Guyana. Georgetown, Guyana: Guyana Defense Force.Google Scholar
Granger, D. (1975) The New Road: A Short History of the Guyana Defense Force. Georgetown, Guyana: Guyana Defense Force.Google Scholar
Griffith, I. (ed.) (1991a) Strategy and Security in the Caribbean. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers.Google Scholar
Griffith, I. (1991b) “Domestic Adaptation and Foreign Policy Change in Guyana.” Paper presented at 26th International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association, 4-6 April, Washington (DC).Google Scholar
Griffith, I. (1981a) On the Western Front. Georgetown, Guyana: Guyana Ministry of Information.Google Scholar
Griffith, I. (1981b) “Guyana in World Affairs.” Guyana Chronicle Annual: 124-29.Google Scholar
Guyana. (1980) Constitution of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, Act 2 of 1980. Georgetown, Guyana: Guyana Parliament.Google Scholar
Guyana. Ministry of External Affairs. (1969) Friendship with Integrity. Georgetown, Guyana: Guyana Ministry of External Affairs.Google Scholar
Guyana. Parliament. (199D1991 Budget (Parliamentary Sessional Paper No. 1). Presented 20 February by Minister of Finance Carl Greenidge to Fifth Parliament of Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana.Google Scholar
Guyana. Parliament. (1990) 1990 Budget (Parliamentary Sessional Paper No. 1). Presented 28 March by Minister of Finance Carl Greenidge to Fifth Parliament of Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana.Google Scholar
Guyana. Parliament. (1973) State Paper on National Service of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana (Parliamentary Sessional Paper No. 3). Presented 20 December by Prime Minister Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham to Third Parliament of Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana.Google Scholar
Guyana Chronicle (1990a) “Montserrat Official Lauds Guyana's Contribution.” (24 April): 1.Google Scholar
Guyana Chronicle (1990b) “GDF Troops Leave for Trinidad.” (4 August): 1.Google Scholar
Guyana Chronicle (1989) “Guyana Police Contingent Leaves for Namibia.” (27 June): 1.Google Scholar
Guyana Chronicle (1988) “US Team Arrives Tomorrow.” (3 March): 1.Google Scholar
Hermann, C. (1990) “Changing Course: When Governments Choose to Redirect Foreign Policy.” International Studies Quarterly 34, 1 (March): 321.Google Scholar
Hintzen, P. (1989) The Costs of Regime Survival. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hoyte, D. (1987) “Good Neighbors.” Presidential address to the Fourth Sitting of the First Session of the Second Supreme Congress of the People, 1 April, Georgetown, Guyana.Google Scholar
Hoyte, D. (1986) “The Economy: The Diplomatic Effort.” Address to Headsof- Mission Conference, 11 July, Georgetown, Guyana.Google Scholar
Hoyte, D. (1985) Address to the Sixth Biennial Congress of the People's National Congress, 19 August, Georgetown, Guyana.Google Scholar
Hoyte, D. (1979) “A Socialist Economy through Agricultural, Industrial and Technological Development.” Speech to Third Biennial Congress of the People's National Congress, 22-26 August, Georgetown, Guyana.Google Scholar
International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (1990) The Military Balance, 1990-1991. London, England: IISS.Google Scholar
Jackson, R. (1981) The International Question. Georgetown, Guyana: People's National Congress.Google Scholar
Jagan, C. (1966) The West on Trial. Berlin, Germany: Seven Seas Publishers.Google Scholar
James, R. and Lutchman, H. (1984) Law and the Political Environment in Guyana. Georgetown, Guyana: University of Guyana.Google Scholar
Khan, S. (1991a) “Commonwealth Team Wants to Ensure Open, Fair Elections.” Stabroek News (30 April): 12.Google Scholar
Khan, S. (1991b) “Guyanese Voters Should look to Haiti and Take the Plunge.” Stabroek News (5 May): 1 and 16.Google Scholar
Latin American Bureau. (1984) Guyana: Fraudulent Revolution. London, England: Latin American Bureau.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (LAWR) (1991) “Focus on the Big Defense Spenders.” 9 May (WR-91-17): 89.Google Scholar
Mars, P. (1987) “The 1985 Guyana Elections in Retrospect.” Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs 13, 4 (September-October): 29-37.Google Scholar
Mars, P. (1978) “Cooperative Socialism and Marxist Scientific Theory.” Caribbean Issues 4, 2 (August): 71106.Google Scholar
Mehta, J. (ed.) (1985) Third World Militarization. Austin, TX: University of Texas, Austin; Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs.Google Scholar
New Nation (1990) “GDF Contingent Returns from Montserrat.” (15 April): 15.Google Scholar
New York Carib News (1991) “Commonwealth Team to Visit.” (7 May): 37.Google Scholar
New York Carib News (1990) “Carter to Advocate More Aid to Guyana.” (23 October: 36.Google Scholar
New York Carib News (1989) “US Army Arrives for Exercise in Guyana.” (24 January): 3.Google Scholar
Nordlinger, E. (1977) Soldiers in Politics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Persaud, A. (1991) “Consultants to Assess Voter Registration.” Stabroek News (31 March): 1.Google Scholar
Pollard, D. (1977) “The Guyana-Suriname Boundary Dispute in International Law,” pp. 217-252 in Manigat, Leslie (ed.) The Caribbean Yearbook of International Relations. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI Institute of International Relations.Google Scholar
Shahabuddeen, M. (1981) Nationalization of Guyana's Bauxite. Georgetown, Guyana: Guyana Ministry of Information.Google Scholar
Singh, P. (1972) Guyana: Socialism in a Plural Society. London, England: Fabian Society.Google Scholar
Stabroek News (1990a) “The Philosophy of the Party Has Undergone Tremendous Change.” (12 August): 1114.Google Scholar
Stabroek News (1990b) “Soviet Ambassador Welcomes Fair Elections.” (11 November): 1, 2.Google Scholar
Sunday Guardian (Trinidad) (1990) “Electoral Commission for Guyana.” (27 May): 4.Google Scholar
Thomas, C. (1988) The Poor and the Powerless. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Thomas, C. (1984) “Guyana: The Rise and Fall of Cooperative Socialism,” pp. 77-104 in Payne, Anthony and Sutton, Paul (eds.) Dependency under Challenge: The Political Economy of the Commonwealth Caribbean. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Thomas, C. (1982) “From Colony to State Capitalism: Alternative Paths to Development in the Caribbean.” Transition 5:1-20.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. Parliamentary Human Rights Group (UK-PHRG) (1981) Something to Remember: Guyana's 1980 Elections. London, England: UK-PHRG.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. Parliamentary Human Rights Group and Americas Watch (UK-PHRG/AW) (1985) Interim Report of the Joint Mission to Investigate Political Freedom in Guyana. New York, NY: Americas Watch.Google Scholar
United States. Department of Defense (US-DOD) (1988) Congressional Presentation for Security Assistance Programs, Fiscal Year 1989. Washington, DC: US Department of Defense.Google Scholar
United States. Department of State (US-DOS) (1991) Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1990. Washington, DC: US Department of State.Google Scholar
United States. Department of State (US-DOS) (1990) Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1989. Washington, DC: US Department of State.Google Scholar
United States. Department of State (US-DOS) (1985) Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1984. Washington, DC: US Department of State.Google Scholar
Welch, C. Jr. (1987) No Farewell to Arms? Boulder, Co: Westview Press.Google Scholar