Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-20T15:26:03.224Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Trade and the Environment: Economic Development versus Sustainable Development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Robin L. Rosenberg
Robin L. Rosenberg*
Affiliation:
University of Miami (FL)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

It should come as no surprise that the environmentalist community in the Americas, whose expectations were raised by the bold, global “Agenda 21” of the 1992 Earth Summit, the informal title accorded the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), would be concerned that the forces of free market capitalism and the urgency for economic development have proven to be more powerful than the regional movement towards sustainable development. By virtue of the region's large share of the planet's environmental resources, the global environmental agenda, which includes, inter alia, such complex and daunting problems as biodiversity, global warming, and ozone depletion, should logically place the Western Hemisphere in the center of policy action. On the eve of the December 1994 Summit of the Americas in Miami, however, the general principles outlined in the “Agenda 21” and related initiatives, have not been translated into concrete or coherent intergovernmental policy actions.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs , Volume 36 , Issue 3: Special Issue: The Summit of the Americas - Issues to Consider , Fall 1994 , pp. 129 - 156
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Humane Association, Animal Protection Institute, et al. (1994) “Broad Range of Environmental Groups Opposes GATT Legislation.” Press Release (September 29).Google Scholar
Anderson, T. and Leal, D.. (1992) “Free Market versus Political Environmentalism.” Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 15 (Spring): 297–310.Google Scholar
Bradsher, K. (1994a) “Plenty of Favors made for Industry Backing.” The New York Times (30 September): C4.Google Scholar
Bradsher, K. (1994b) “World Trade Pact Advances With Some Bipartisan Deals.” The New York Times (13 August): 17.Google Scholar
Bradsher, K. (1994c) “Trade Pact Financing Clears Senate Panel.” The New York Times (30 July): 17.Google Scholar
Brown, J.W. (1994) “Sustainable Development and the Summit of the Americas.” North-South: The Magazine of the Americas 4, 2 (September/October): 4–7.Google Scholar
Clifford, F. (1994) “Environmental Movement, Once Green, Has the Blues.” The Miami Herald (24 September): 1A.Google Scholar
Cushman, J. H. (1994) “Clinton Seeks Ban on Export of Most Hazardous Waste.” The New York Times (1 March): A18.Google Scholar
Daly, H. (1993) “The Perils of Free Trade: Economists Routinely Ignore Its Hidden Costs to the Environment and the Community.” Scientific American 269, 5 (November): 50–57.Google Scholar
Davidson, M. (1994) “US, Mexico Hit Snags in Their Trade Alliance.” Christian Science Monitor (8 July).Google Scholar
Davis, B. (1994) “GATT Pact Moves Forward in Congress as House, Senate Negotiators End Work.” The Wall Street Journal (21 September): A4.Google Scholar
Dunne, N. (1994a) “Round Opponents Make Their Mark.” Financial Times (23 September): 5.Google Scholar
Dunne, N. (1994b) “Clinton Pulls out the Stops for Trade Deal Fast-track.” The New York Times (25 August): 4.Google Scholar
Dunne, N. (1994c) “Deal Close on ‘Fast-track’ Authority: US Congress Set to Increase Controls over Trade Issues.” Financial Times (24 August): 2.Google Scholar
Dunne, N. (1994d) “White House Plan to Revive Fast-track Negotiating.” Financial Times (5 August): 4.Google Scholar
Dunne, N. and de Jonquieres, G.. (1994) “Clinton's” Foes on Scent of “Fast-track'.” Financial Times (12 September): 5.Google Scholar
(The) Economist (1994) “A Disquieting New Agenda for Trade.” (16 July): 55–56.Google Scholar
Ellison, K. (1994) “Environmentalists Seek to Influence Chile Trade Pact.” The Miami Herald (15 July): 14A.Google Scholar
Environment Watch: Latin America (1994) “NAFTA Environment Commission Gets Slow Start, Environmental Business Takes Off.” (February): 2.Google Scholar
Esty, D. (1994) “Toward a Greener GATT.” International Economic Insights (March/April): 17–20.Google Scholar
Feinberg, R. (1994) Speech of Deputy Director for Latin America of the National Security Council to the Inter-American Dialogue, Washington (DC), 20 September.Google Scholar
Ferrate, L. (1993) “Environment's Bottom Line.” Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).Google Scholar
French, H. (1993) “Costly Trade-offs: Reconciling Trade and the Environment.” World Watch Paper 113 (March), Washington, DC: The Worldwatch Institute.Google Scholar
Friedman, T. (1994a) “President Vows Victory on Trade.” The New York Times (29 September): Al.Google Scholar
Friedman, T. (1994b) “Congress Gets Global Trade Bill.” The New York Times (28 September): CI.Google Scholar
Friedman, T. (1994c) “Dole Explains Trade Treaty Stand.” The New York Times (14 September): C2.Google Scholar
Housman, R. (1994) “Reconciling Trade and the Environment: Lessons from the North American Free Trade Agreement.” Environment and Trade. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environment Programme.Google Scholar
Inside US Trade. (1994a) “Gibbons Cites Administration Ambivalence on Caribbean Parity.” vol. 12, no. 37 (16 September): 1.Google Scholar
Inside US Trade. (1994b) “Congress, Administration Seek GATT Vote First Week of October.” vol. 12, no. 37 (16 September): 1–3.Google Scholar
Inside US Trade. (1994c) “Moynihan, Packwood Urge Clean GATT Bill, Better Funding Options.” vol. 12, no. 35 (2 September): 1.Google Scholar
International Institute for Sustainable Development (USD) (1994) Trade and Sustainable Development Principles. Manitoba, Canada: USD.Google Scholar
Lash III, W. (1994) “Environment and Global Trade.” Society 31, 4 (May-June): 52–58.Google Scholar
Lavelle, M. (1994) “Poisoned Water Provide Early Test for NAFTA.” The National Law Journal (March 21): Al, A22.Google Scholar
Low, P. (ed.) (1992) “International Trade and the Environment” (World Bank Discussion Paper 159). Washington, DC: The World Bank.Google Scholar
Magraw, D. (1994) “NAFTA's Repercussions: Is Green Trade Possible?” Environment 36, 2 (March).Google Scholar
Multinational Monitor. (1994) “Ending the Toxic Trade.” (April): 5.Google Scholar
Muñoz, H. and Rosenberg, R. (eds.) (1993) Difficult Liaison: Trade and the Environment on the Americas. Coral Gables, Fl: North-South Center (University of Miami) and Organization of American States (OAS).Google Scholar
Murphy, S. (1994) “Prospective Liability Regimes for the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes.” The American Journal of International Law 88: 24–75.Google Scholar
Myerson, A.R. (1994) “New Limits are seen to Freer Trade.” The New York Times (6 September): CI.Google Scholar
National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology. The Trade and Environment Committee. (1993) “The Greening of World Trade” (report to the US Environmental Protection Agency). Washington, DC: National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and Technology.Google Scholar
North-South Center and Inter-American Dialogue (1994). Summit of the Americas News (September). Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center.Google Scholar
O'Brien, M. B. (1993) “The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade: An International Agreement's Effect on Local Environmental Law.” International Legal Perspectives 5 (Fall): 83–120.Google Scholar
Oppenheimer, A. (1994) “Trade Hopes on Slow Track for Summit.” The Miami Herald (26 September): 10A.Google Scholar
Riding, A. (1994) “Gore Insists Environment is a Trade Issue.” The New York Times (15 April): CI.Google Scholar
Sanderson, S. (1992) The Politics of Trade in Latin American Development. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Watson, A. (1994) “US Environmental Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean.” Paper prepared for Conference on The Politics of Latin American Environmental Policy in International Perspective, La Jolla, California, 20–23 January, University of California, San Diego.Google Scholar
Western Hemisphere Environmental Groups (1994) “Proposed Statement of Trade and Environment Principles: for the Summit of the Americas.” Washington, DC: National Audubon Society, National Wildlife Federation, National Resources Defense Council, and Environmental and Energy Study Institute, et al. Google Scholar
White House Office on Environmental Policy. (1994a) “Summit of the Americas” - “Alliance with Nature” Project Initiative Areas Washington, DC: White House Office on Environmental Policy (Jackson Place Office).(Draft) (September).Google Scholar
White House Office on Environmental Policy (1994b) “Alliance with Nature Initiatives: Summit of the Americas.” Washington D.C: White House Office on Environmental Policy (Jackson Place Office) (Draft) (October).Google Scholar
Williams, F. (1994) “GATT chief warns on ratification.” Financial Times (23 September): 5.Google Scholar