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Effects of road salt on a free-living trematode infectious stage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2020

D. Milotic Open the ORCID record for D. Milotic [Opens in a new window] ,
M. Milotic  and
J. Koprivnikar
D. Milotic*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
M. Milotic
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
J. Koprivnikar
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: D. Milotic, E-mail: dino.milotic@gmail.com
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Abstract

Many temperate freshwater habitats are at risk for contamination by run-off associated with the application of road de-icing salts. Elevated salinity can have various detrimental effects on freshwater organisms, including greater susceptibility to infection by parasites and pathogens. However, to better understand the net effects of road salt exposure on host–parasite dynamics, it is necessary to consider the impacts on free-living parasite infectious stages, such as the motile aquatic cercariae of trematodes. Here, we examined the longevity and activity of cercariae from four different freshwater trematodes (Ribeiroia ondatrae, Echinostoma sp., Cephalogonimus sp. and an unidentified strigeid-type) that were exposed to road salt at five different environmentally relevant concentrations (160, 360, 560, 760 and 960 mg/ml of sodium chloride). Exposure to road salt had minimal detrimental effects, with cercariae activity and survival often greatest at intermediate concentrations. Only the cercariae of Cephalogonimus sp. showed reduced longevity at the highest salt concentration, with those of both R. ondatrae and the unidentified strigeid-type exhibiting diminished activity, indicating interspecific variation in response. Importantly, cercariae seem to be relatively unaffected by salt concentrations known to increase infection susceptibility in some of their hosts. More studies will be needed to examine this potential dichotomy in road salt effects between hosts and trematodes, including influences on parasite infectivity.

Keywords

aquatic parasitologyroad-saltstrematodescercariaefreshwater ecology
Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 94 , 2020 , e150
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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Footnotes

*

Current address: Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

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