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Surface deformation and rebound for normal single-particle collisions in a surrounding fluid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2019

Angel Ruiz-Angulo Open the ORCID record for Angel Ruiz-Angulo [Opens in a new window] ,
Shahrzad Roshankhah Open the ORCID record for Shahrzad Roshankhah [Opens in a new window]  and
Melany L. Hunt Open the ORCID record for Melany L. Hunt [Opens in a new window]
Angel Ruiz-Angulo
Affiliation:
Icelandic Meteorological Office, 108 Reykjavík, Iceland
Shahrzad Roshankhah
Affiliation:
Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 104-44, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Melany L. Hunt*
Affiliation:
Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 104-44, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: hunt@caltech.edu
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Abstract

This article presents experimental measurements involving immersed collisions between a rigid impactor and a deformable target for a wide range of Reynolds and Stokes numbers. Three aluminium alloys are used as solid targets submerged in seven different fluids covering a wide range of viscosity and density. The collision and rebound velocities as well as the depth and diameter of the crater produced by the collisions are measured with high resolution. Most of the experiments in this study occur at velocities for which the deformation is within the elastic–plastic regime. Results of the experiments in air are analysed by elastic, plastic and elastic–plastic theories, and demonstrate the complexities of modelling elastic–plastic collisions. For collisions in a liquid, the measurements show that the size of the crater is independent of the fluid characteristics if the Stokes number is beyond a critical value. The normal coefficient of restitution can be estimated by including both viscous losses and plasticity effects and assuming that the collision time scale is significantly shorter than the hydrodynamic time scale. The results of the crater dimensions are also used to develop an analytical expression for the volume of deformation of the material as a function of material properties and the impact and critical Stokes numbers.

JFM classification

Granular media: Granular media Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Particle/fluid flow Geophysical and Geological Flows: Sediment transport
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 871 , 25 July 2019 , pp. 1044 - 1066
Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press 

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