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Influence of initial turbulence level on the flow and sound fields of a subsonic jet at a diameter-based Reynolds number of 105

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 May 2012

C. Bogey ,
O. Marsden  and
C. Bailly
C. Bogey*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique, UMR CNRS 5509, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134 Ecully CEDEX, France
O. Marsden
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique, UMR CNRS 5509, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134 Ecully CEDEX, France
C. Bailly
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique, UMR CNRS 5509, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134 Ecully CEDEX, France Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
*
†Email address for correspondence: christophe.bogey@ec-lyon.fr
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Abstract

Five isothermal round jets at Mach number and Reynolds number originating from a pipe nozzle are computed by large-eddy simulations to investigate the effects of initial turbulence on flow development and noise generation. In the pipe, the boundary layers are untripped in the first case and tripped numerically in the four others in order to obtain, at the exit, mean velocity profiles similar to a Blasius laminar profile of momentum thickness equal to 1.8 % of the jet radius, yielding Reynolds number , and peak turbulence levels around 0, 3 %, 6 %, 9 % or 12 % of the jet velocity . As the initial turbulence intensity increases, the shear layers develop more slowly with much lower root-mean-square (r.m.s.) fluctuating velocities, and the jet potential cores are longer. Velocity disturbances downstream of the nozzle exit also exhibit different structural characteristics. For low , they are dominated by the first azimuthal modes , 1 and 2, and show significant skewness and intermittency. The growth of linear instability waves and a first stage of vortex pairings occur in the shear layers for . For higher , three-dimensional features and high azimuthal modes prevail, in particular close to the nozzle exit where the wavenumbers naturally found in turbulent wall-bounded flows clearly appear. Concerning the sound fields, strong broadband components mainly associated with mode are noticed around the pairing frequency for the untripped jet. With rising , however, they become weaker, and the noise levels decrease asymptotically down to those measured for jets at , which are likely to be initially turbulent and to emit negligible vortex-pairing noise. These results correspond well to experimental observations, made separately for either mixing layers, jet flow or sound fields.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Free shear layers Acoustics: Jet noise Turbulent Flows: Shear layer turbulence
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 701 , 25 June 2012 , pp. 352 - 385
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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Bogey et al.

Snapshots in the (z, r) plane of vorticity norm obtained in the shear layer just downstream of the nozzle lip for jets at Reynolds number 105 with peak exit turbulence intensities of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% (Jet0%, Jet3%, Jet6%, Jet9% and Jet12%, respectively). The colour scale ranges up to the level of 21uj/r0 (uj is the jet velocity, r0 is the nozzle radius).

Download Bogey et al.(Video)
Video 3.1 MB

Bogey et al.

Snapshots in the (z, r) plane of vorticity norm obtained in the shear layer just downstream of the nozzle lip for jets at Reynolds number 105 with peak exit turbulence intensities of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% (Jet0%, Jet3%, Jet6%, Jet9% and Jet12%, respectively). The colour scale ranges up to the level of 21uj/r0 (uj is the jet velocity, r0 is the nozzle radius).

Download Bogey et al.(Video)
Video 9.3 MB

Bogey et al.

Snapshots in the (z, r ) plane of vorticity norm obtained up to z = 10r0 in jets at Reynolds number 105 with peak exit turbulence intensities of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%. The colour scale ranges up to the level of 13uj /r0.

Download Bogey et al.(Video)
Video 4.7 MB

Bogey et al.

Snapshots in the (z, r ) plane of vorticity norm obtained up to z = 10r0 in jets at Reynolds number 105 with peak exit turbulence intensities of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%. The colour scale ranges up to the level of 13uj /r0.

Download Bogey et al.(Video)
Video 18 MB

Bogey et al.

Snapshots in the (z, r ) plane of vorticity norm obtained up to z = 25r 0 in jets at Reynolds number 105 with peak exit peak turbulence intensities of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%. The colour scale ranges up to the level of 5uj /r 0.

Download Bogey et al.(Video)
Video 4.5 MB

Bogey et al.

Snapshots in the (z, r ) plane of vorticity norm obtained up to z = 25r 0 in jets at Reynolds number 105 with peak exit peak turbulence intensities of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%. The colour scale ranges up to the level of 5uj /r 0.

Download Bogey et al.(Video)
Video 17.1 MB

Bogey et al.

Snapshots in the (z, r ) plane of vorticity norm and fluctuating pressure obtained for jets at Reynolds number 105 with peak exit turbulence intensities of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%. The colour scales range up to the level of 6uj /r 0 for vorticity, and from −65 to 65 Pa for pressure.

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Video 10.1 MB

Bogey et al.

Snapshots in the (z, r ) plane of vorticity norm and fluctuating pressure obtained for jets at Reynolds number 105 with peak exit turbulence intensities of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%. The colour scales range up to the level of 6uj /r 0 for vorticity, and from −65 to 65 Pa for pressure.

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Video 41.7 MB