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Dynamics of ferrofluid drop deformations under spatially uniform magnetic fields

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2016

P. Rowghanian ,
C. D. Meinhart  and
O. Campàs
P. Rowghanian
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
C. D. Meinhart
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
O. Campàs*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: campas@engineering.ucsb.edu
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Abstract

We systematically study the shape and dynamics of a Newtonian ferrofluid drop immersed in an immiscible, Newtonian and non-magnetic viscous fluid under the action of a uniform external magnetic field. We obtain the exact equilibrium drop shapes for arbitrary ferrofluids, characterize the extent of deviations of the exact shape from the commonly assumed ellipsoidal shape, and analyse the smoothness of highly curved tips in elongated drops. We also present a comprehensive study of drop deformation for a Langevin ferrofluid. Using a computational scheme that allows fast and accurate simulations of ferrofluid drop dynamics, we show that the dynamics of drop deformation by an applied magnetic field is described up to a numerical factor by the same time scale as drop relaxation in the absence of any magnetic field. The numerical factor depends on the ratio of viscosities and the ratio of magnetic to capillary stresses, but is independent of the nature of the ferrofluid in most practical cases.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Drops MHD and Electrohydrodynamics: Magnetic fluids
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 802 , 10 September 2016 , pp. 245 - 262
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Copyright
© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

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