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Droplet impacts on cold surfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 June 2022

B. Gorin Open the ORCID record for B. Gorin [Opens in a new window] ,
D. Bonn Open the ORCID record for D. Bonn [Opens in a new window]  and
H. Kellay Open the ORCID record for H. Kellay [Opens in a new window]
B. Gorin*
Affiliation:
Van der Waals Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France
D. Bonn*
Affiliation:
Van der Waals Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
H. Kellay*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France
*
†Email addresses for correspondence: benjamin.gorin@u-bordeaux.fr, d.bonn@uva.nl, hamid.kellay@u-bordeaux.fr
†Email addresses for correspondence: benjamin.gorin@u-bordeaux.fr, d.bonn@uva.nl, hamid.kellay@u-bordeaux.fr
†Email addresses for correspondence: benjamin.gorin@u-bordeaux.fr, d.bonn@uva.nl, hamid.kellay@u-bordeaux.fr
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Abstract

We study drop impact for the case where the impacted surface is cooled below the freezing temperature of the liquid droplet. The freezing is found to affect the spreading dynamics of the impacting drops and, thus, the degree of surface coverage. The cooling of the surface leads to the arrest of the three-phase contact line, impeding droplet spreading and, thus, drastically reducing the maximum spreading diameter. Besides the surface temperature, the impact speed is also an important parameter: the higher the impact speed, the more the droplet spreads before arrest. Based on experimental observations of droplet impacts using two different liquids and two different substrates, we show using a combination of experiments and a one-dimensional freezing model, that droplet arrest occurs when a solid layer of the liquid forms on the substrate: droplet arrest occurs when this solid layer reaches a well-defined critical thickness. We then devise a simple model that efficiently predicts the maximum spreading diameter of droplets impinging, at different velocities, and freezing onto surfaces maintained at different temperatures below the liquid freezing point.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Drops Interfacial Flows (free surface): Contact lines
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 944 , 10 August 2022 , A23
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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