Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-19T15:35:29.419Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Double-Diffusive Convection: A report on an Engineering Foundation Conference

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2006

C. F. Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
D. H. Johnson
Affiliation:
Solar Thermal Research Branch, Solar Energy Research Institute, Golden, CO 80401

Abstract

Under the auspices of the Engineering Foundation, financial support of the National Science Foundation, and the cochairmanship of the authors, a conference on ‘Double-Diffusive Convection’ was held from 14–18 March 1983 in Santa Barbara. The conference attracted more than seventy scientists and engineers working in various disciplines, and 45 talks were presented. There was an ad hoc film session which ended with a demonstration of a laboratory experiment on crystallization in a double-diffusive system.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 1984 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adornato, P. M., Chang, C. J. & Brown, R. A. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.) Thermal solutal convection in directional solidification of a non-dilute binary melt.
Antar, B. N. & Fowlis, W. W. 1982 Symmetric baroclinic instability of a Hadley cell J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 12801289.Google Scholar
Antar, B. N. & Fowlis, W. W. 1983 Three-dimensional baroclinic instability of a Hadley cell for small Richardson number J. Fluid Mech. 137, 425447.Google Scholar
Baines, P. G. & Gill, A. E. 1969 On thermohaline convection with linear gradients J. Fluid Mech. 37, 289306.Google Scholar
Baker, B. H. (University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, U.S.A.) Geochemical evidence for double diffusion as a mechanism of magmatic differentiation.
Bertram, L. A. (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, U.S.A.) Numerical investigation of linear stability for non-constant gradients.
Brand, H. & Steinberg, V. (University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, U.S.A.) Convection of binary mixture with and without chemical reaction in porous media.
Bretherton, C. S. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.) Spatial focusing in the oscillatory bifurcation in an unbounded domain.
Busse, F. (University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, U.S.A.) Double-diffusive baroclinic instabilities.
Caldwell, D. R. 1973 Thermal and Fickian diffusion of sodium chloride in a solution of oceanic concentration Deep-Sea Res. 20, 10291039.Google Scholar
Castillo, J. L. (UNED, Madrid 3, Spain) Double-diffusive convection and interfacial instability.
Castillo, J. L. & Verlarde, M. G. 1982 Buoyancy–thermocapillary instability: the role of interfacial deformation in one- and two-component fluid layer heated from below or above. J. Fluid Mech. 125, 463474.
Chen, C. F. (University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A.) Effect of sloping boundary and lateral temperature gradient.
Chen, C. F. & Turner, J. S. 1980 Crystallization in a double-diffusive system J. Geophys. Res. 85, 25732593.Google Scholar
Coriell, S. R. & Mcfadden, G. B. (National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234, U.S.A.) Numerical model of coupled convective and morphological instabilities in crystal growth.
Coriell, S. R., Cordes, M. R., Boettinger, W. J. AND SEKERKA, R, F. 1980 Convective and interfacial instabilities during unidirectional solidification of a binary alloy J. Crystal Growth 49, 13.Google Scholar
Gargett, A. E. (Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C. V8L 4B2, Canada) Direct observation of an oceanic salt-fingering interface.
Glicksman, M. E. & Singh, N. B. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12181, U.S.A.) Coupled solutal–thermal transport in dendritic growth.
Grange, B. W., Viskanta, R. & Stevenson, W. H. 1976 Diffusion of heat and solute during freezing of salt solutions Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer 19, 373384.Google Scholar
Gregg, M. (University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, U.S.A.) Measurements of oceanic double-diffusive events from a dropped platform.
Griffiths, R. W. 1981 Layered double-diffusive convection in porous media J. Fluid Mech. 102, 221248.Google Scholar
Hart, J. E. 1971 On sideways diffusive instability J. Fluid Mech. 49, 279288.Google Scholar
Hoyler, J. Y. (Bristol University, Bristol BS8 4YB, England) Double-diffusive interleaving due to horizontal gradients.
Holyer, J. Y. 1981 On the collective stability of salt fingers J. Fluid Mech. 110, 195207.Google Scholar
Hsui, A. T. & Riahi, N. (University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.) Crystallization, double-diffusive fingering and their geological implications.
Huppert, H. E. (University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England) General survey of theoretical results.
Huppert, H. E. 1971 On the stability of a series of double-diffusive layers Deep-Sea Res. 18, 10051021.Google Scholar
Huppert, H. E. 1983 Multicomponent convection: turbulence in earth, sun and sea. Nature 303, 478479.
Huppert, H. E. & Linden, P. F. 1979 On heating stable salinity gradients from below J. Fluid Mech. 95, 431464.Google Scholar
Huppert, H. E. & Moore, D. R. 1976 Nonlinear double-diffusive convection J. Fluid Mech. 78, 821854.Google Scholar
Huppert, H. E. & Turner, J. S. 1980 Ice blocks melting into a salinity gradient J. Fluid Mech. 100, 367384.Google Scholar
Huppert, H. E. & Turner, J. S. 1981a Double-diffusive convection J. Fluid Mech. 106, 299329.Google Scholar
Huppert, H. E. & Turner, J. S. 1981b A laboratory model of a replenished magma chamber Earth Planetary Sci. Lett. 54, 144152.
Hurdis, D. A. (Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20707, U.S.A.) An experimental investigation of the interaction of internal waves with thermohaline convection.
Jones, G. (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.A.) Interfacial studies in salt gradient solar ponds.
Knobloch, E. & Proctor, M. R. E. 1981 Nonlinear periodic convection in double-diffusive systems J. Fluid Mech. 108, 291316.Google Scholar
Lewis, W. T., Incropera, F. P. & Viskanta, R. 1982 Interferometric study of stable salinity gradients heated from below or cooled from above J. Fluid Mech. 116, 411430.Google Scholar
Mcbirney, A. R. (University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, U.S.A.) Properties of magma and evidence for double-diffusive processes in magmatic intrusions.
Mcbirney, A. R. 1980 Mixing and unmixing of magmas J Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 7, 357371.Google Scholar
Mcdougall, T. J. 1983 Double-diffusive convection caused by coupled molecular diffusion J. Fluid Mech. 126, 379397.Google Scholar
Mcdougall, T. J. & Turner, J. S. 1982 Influence of cross-diffusion on ‘finger’ double-diffusive convection. Nature 299, 812814.
Marmorino, G. O. & Caldwell, D. R. 1976 Heat and salt transport through a diffusive, thermohaline interface Deep-Sea Res. 23, 5967.Google Scholar
Narusawa, U. (Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A.) Problems of double-diffusive convection in large energy (LNG) storage tanks.
Newell, T. A. (University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.) Characteristics of a double-diffusive interface at high density ratios.
Nield, D. A. 1968 Onset of thermohaline convection in a porous medium Water Resources Res. 4, 553560.Google Scholar
Nilson, Robert H. (Systems, Science & Software, La Jolla, CA 92038, U.S.A.) Fluid dynamics of double diffusion in magmas and quantitative aspects of physical processes in nature.
Ostrach, S. (Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, U.S.A.) Free convection and double-diffusive phenomena in crystal growth.
Paliwal, R. C. & Chen, C. F. 1980 Double-diffusive instability in an inclined fluid layer. Part 2. Theoretical investigation J. Fluid Mech. 98, 769785.Google Scholar
Peltier, W. R. (University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A1, Canada) Double-diffusive effects in shear instabilities.
Piacsek, S. A. & Burks, R. C. (NORDA, St Louis, MS 39529, U.S.A.) Multi-layer formation in thermohaline convection when temperature is destabilizing.
Platten, J. K. (University of Mons, B7000 Mons, Belgium) Soret effects.
Poplawsky, C. P., Incropera, F. P. & Viskanta, R. 1981 Mixed layer development in a double-diffusive, thermohaline system ASME J. Solar Energy Engng 103, 351359.Google Scholar
Preston, B. N. & Comper, W. D. (Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia) Diffusive convection in aqueous ternary systems containing polymers.
Preston, B. N., Laurent, T. C., Comper, W. D. & Checkley, G. J. 1980 Rapid polymer transport in concentrated solutions through the formation of ordered structure Nature 287, 499503.Google Scholar
Proctor, M. R. E. (University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England) Nonlinear aspects of thermohaline convection.
Proctor, M. R. E. 1981 Steady subcritical thermohaline convection J. Fluid Mech. 105, 507521.Google Scholar
Rice, A. (Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, U.S.A.) Scaling problems, the influence of run-up experiments, and Soret fractionation in double-diffusive convection problems.
Rosner, R. (Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysics Center, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.) Magnetic buoyancy instabilities.
Ruddick, B. R. (Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J1, Canada) Relationship of laboratory experiments to oceanography.
Ruddick, B. R. 1981 The ‘colour polarigraph’ – a simple method for determining the two-dimensional distribution of sugar concentration. J. Fluid Mech. 109, 277282.
Ruddick, B. R. & Turner, J. S. 1979 The vertical length scale of double-diffusive intrusions Deep-Sea Res. 26, 903913.Google Scholar
Schmitt, J. & Rosner, R. 1983 Doubly diffusive magnetic buoyancy instability in the solar interior Astrophys. J. 265, 901924.Google Scholar
Schmitt, R. W. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA 02543, U.S.A.) The micro, fine, and large scale signatures of double-diffusive convection in the ocean.
Schmitt, R. W. 1979 The growth rate of super-critical salt fingers Deep-Sea Res. 264, 2340.Google Scholar
Skok, M. W. & Chen, C. F. 1974 Cellular convection in a salinity gradient along a heated inclined wall Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer 17, 5160.Google Scholar
Soward, A. M. (University of Newcastle, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, England) Doubly diffusive effects in magneto-hydrodynamics.
Spera, F. J. (Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, U.S.A.) Evidence from volcanism for double-diffusive processes in magma chambers.
Spera, F. J., Yuen, D. A. & Kirschvink, S. J. 1982 Thermal boundary layer convection in silicic magma chambers: effects of temperature-dependent rheology and implications for thermogravitational chemical fractionation. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 87558767.
Spruit, H. C. (Max-Planck-Institut, Munich, West Germany) Instabilities associated with differential rotation in stars.
Stern, M. E. (University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, U.S.A.) Salt fingers between two deep layers having given temperature and salt concentration.
Stern, M. E. 1969 Collective instability of salt fingers J. Fluid Mech. 35, 209218.Google Scholar
Stern, M. E. 1982 Inequalities and variational principles in double-diffusive turbulence J. Fluid Mech. 114, 105121.Google Scholar
Taunton, J. W., Lightfoot, E. N. & Green, T. 1972 Thermohaline instability and salt fingers in a porous medium Phys. Fluids 15, 748753.Google Scholar
Thangam, S., Zebib, A. & Chen, C. F. 1982 Double-diffusive convection in an inclined fluid layer J. Fluid Mech. 116, 363378.Google Scholar
Thorpe, S. A., Hutt, P. K. & Soulsby, R. 1969 The effect of horizontal gradients on thermohaline convection J. Fluid Mech. 38, 375400.Google Scholar
Toole, J. M. & Georgi, D. T. 1981 On the dynamics and effects of double-diffusively driven intrusions Prog. Oceanogr. 10, 123145.Google Scholar
Toomre, J. (University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.A.) Time-dependent thermal–solutal convection.
Tsinober, A. & Tannay, Y. (Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel) Some visualization experiments of double-diffusive layer structure.
Turner, J. S. (Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia) Historical review of double-diffusive convection.
Turner, J. S. 1965 The coupled turbulent transports of salt and heat across a sharp density interface Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer 8, 759767.Google Scholar
Turner, J. S. & Gustafson, L. B. 1978 The flow of hot saline solution from vents in the sea floor – some implication for exhalative massive sulfide and other ore deposits Econ. Geol. 73, 10821100.Google Scholar
Turner, J. S. & Gustafson, L. B. 1981 Fluid motions and compositional gradients produced by crystallization or melting at vertical boundaries J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 11, 93125.Google Scholar
Tyrrell, H. J. V. (Chelsea College, London SW3 6LX England) Some convective phenomena associated with the measurement of transport coefficients in multicomponent fluids.
Tyvand, P. A. 1980 Thermohaline instability in anisotropic porous media Water Resources Res. 16, 325330.Google Scholar
Veronis, G. 1965 On finite amplitude instability in thermohaline convection J. Mar. Res. 23, 117.Google Scholar
Veronis, G. 1968 Effect of a stabilizing gradient of solute on thermal convection J. Fluid Mech. 34, 315336.Google Scholar
Viskanta, R. (Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A.) Optical methods of flow visualization and quantitative measurements.
Vitagliano, V. (Università di Napoli, 80134 Napoli, Italy) Instabilities in free diffusion boundaries.
Walton, I. C. (Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, England) Onset of convection with non-uniform gradients.
Walton, I. C. 1982 Double-diffusive convection with large variable gradients J. Fluid Mech. 125, 123135.Google Scholar
Weiss, N. O. (University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EW England) Magnetoconvection.
Wells, J. D. (Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden) Solvent fluxes in ternary systems.