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A comparative study of self-propelled and towed wakes in a stratified fluid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2010

KYLE A. BRUCKER  and
SUTANU SARKAR
KYLE A. BRUCKER
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
SUTANU SARKAR*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: ssarkar@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of axisymmetric wakes with canonical towed and self-propelled velocity profiles are performed at Re = 50 000 on a grid with approximately 2 billion grid points. The present study focuses on a comparison between towed and self-propelled wakes and on the elucidation of buoyancy effects. The development of the wake is characterized by the evolution of maxima, area integrals and spatial distributions of mean and turbulence statistics. Transport equations for mean and turbulent energies are utilized to help understand the observations. The mean velocity in the self-propelled wake decays more rapidly than the towed case due to higher shear and consequently a faster rate of energy transfer to turbulence. Buoyancy allows a wake to survive longer in a stratified fluid by reducing the 〈u1′u3′〉 correlation responsible for the mean-to-turbulence energy transfer in the vertical direction. This buoyancy effect is especially important in the self-propelled case because it allows regions of positive and negative momentum to become decoupled in the vertical direction and decay with different rates. The vertical wake thickness is found to be larger in self-propelled wakes. The role of internal waves in the energetics is determined and it is found that, later in the evolution, they can become a dominant term in the balance of turbulent kinetic energy. The non-equilibrium stage, known to exist for towed wakes, is also shown to exist for self-propelled wakes. Both the towed and self-propelled wakes, at Re = 50000, are found to exhibit a time span when, although the turbulence is strongly stratified as indicated by small Froude number, the turbulent dissipation rate decays according to inertial scaling.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 652 , 10 June 2010 , pp. 373 - 404
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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