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Zonal jets at the laboratory scale: hysteresis and Rossby waves resonance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2021

Daphné Lemasquerier Open the ORCID record for Daphné Lemasquerier [Opens in a new window] ,
B. Favier Open the ORCID record for B. Favier [Opens in a new window]  and
M. Le Bars Open the ORCID record for M. Le Bars [Opens in a new window]
Daphné Lemasquerier*
Affiliation:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, Marseille, 13013, France
B. Favier
Affiliation:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, Marseille, 13013, France
M. Le Bars
Affiliation:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, Marseille, 13013, France
*
†Email address for correspondence: lemasquerier.pro@protonmail.com
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Abstract

The dynamics, structure and stability of zonal jets in planetary flows are still poorly understood, especially in terms of coupling with the small-scale turbulent flow. Here, we use an experimental approach to address the questions of zonal jets formation and long-term evolution. A strong and uniform topographic $\beta$-effect is obtained inside a water-filled rotating tank thanks to the paraboloidal fluid free upper surface combined with a specifically designed bottom plate. A small-scale turbulent forcing is performed by circulating water through the base of the tank. Time-resolving particle image velocimetry measurements reveal the self-organization of the flow into multiple zonal jets with a strong instantaneous signature. We identify a subcritical bifurcation between two regimes of jets depending on the forcing intensity. In the first regime, the jets are steady, weak in amplitude, and directly forced by the local Reynolds stresses due to our forcing. In the second one, we observe highly energetic and dynamic jets of width larger than the forcing scale. An analytical modelling based on the quasi-geostrophic approximation reveals that this subcritical bifurcation results from the resonance between the directly forced Rossby waves and the background zonal flow.

JFM classification

Geophysical and Geological Flows: Quasi-geostrophic flows Geophysical and Geological Flows: Waves in rotating fluids Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: Bifurcation
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 910 , 10 March 2021 , A18
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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