Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T13:36:47.054Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Style and the design of a perfume jar from an archaic Greek city state

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2017

Michael Shanks*
Affiliation:
Centre d'Archéologie Classique, Paris 1 (Sorbonne), France
Get access

Abstract

The rise of the Greek city state and political community; art histories of the evolution of archaic and classical Greek style: against a backdrop of such grand narratives is considered the design of a perfume jar belonging to the style known as proto-Korinthian. Lines of thought and connection are drawn which reach into pottery production and pictorial imagery (of a studied sample of some 1930 pots), pointing beyond through the whole economic life-cycle of the artefact, from production to exchange and consumption. In contrast to those processual social archaeologies that set artefacts in a narrow context of social rank, status, and community interaction, reducing style to an expression of ‘society', context is defined pragmatically according to what is suggested in an encounter or interpretation of this particular pot. The result is an attempt to work with the archetypical archaeological relation between the particular and the general in a theoretical framework arising from ‘ post-processual’ discussions of the style and meaning of material culture. Insights are pro-vided into the cultural and ideological milieu of an aristocratic state under pressure and change. It is argued that the changes in pot design known as proto-Korinthian began as creative experiment with the articulation of risk and identity, violence and transgression, through definitions of the body and alterity. The painted images later clarify in their visual ideology of a realm of aristocratic masculinity detached from the domestic. Challenges are set for conventional art histories and processual archaeology, while a wide range of issues is raised concerning the archaeological construction and understanding of culture.

Der Aufstieg des griechischen Stadtstaates und einer politischen Gruppe; eine Kunstgeschichte von der Evolution eines archaischen und klassischen griechischen Stils: vor dem Hintergrund solch gross-artiger Schilderungen wird das Design eines Parfumfläschchens im proto-korinthischen Stil erörtert. Eine Reihe von gedanklichen Verbindungen wird hergestellt, die ausgehend von der Herstellung der Keramik und der bildlichen Darstellung (von einer Auswahl von etwa 1930 untersuchten Gefäßen) darüber hinausgehend das gesamte ökonomische Dasein des Artefakles, vom Augenblick der Herstellung über den Tauschhandel bis hin zum eigentlichen Gebrauch, in Betracht ziehl. Im Gegensatz zur prozessualen Sozialarchäologie, welche ein Artefakt stets im engen Zusammenhang mit sozialem Rang, Status und gesellschaftlicher Wechselwirkung Sicht und dadurch Stil auf eine gesellschaftliche Ausdrucksform reduziert, wird Zusammenhang hier, anhand der Gegenüberstellung mit, oder der Interpretation von gerade diesem Parfumfläschchen pragmatisch definiert. Das Ergebnis ist ein Versuch die archetypische archäologische Beziehung zwischen dem Allgemeinen und dem Besonderen in einem theoretischen Rahmen zu sehen, welcher von den “post-prozessualen” Diskussionen über Stil und Bedeutung der materiellen Kultur ausgeht. Es wird eine Einsicht in das kulturelle und ideologische Milieu eines aristokratischen Staates unter der Bedingungen von Zwang und Veränderung vermittelt. Es wird argumentiert, daß Veränderungen im proto-korinthischen Design als ein kreatives Experiment begonnen, in dem sich Risiko und Identität, Gewalt und Überschreitung durch die Definition von Form und Anderssein artikulierten. Die gemalten Darstellungen erklären sich später durch ihre visuelle Ideologie als dem Bereich aristokratischer Maskulinität zugehörend, welche vom Bereich des Häuslichen losgelöst ist. Es wird eine Herausforderung an die konventionelle Kunstgeschichte und die prozessuale Archäologie gestellt, indem ein breiter Themenbereich, der sich mit der archäologischen Konstruktion und dem Verständnis von Kultur auseinandersetzt, angesprochen werden.

L'expansion de la cité-état grecque et la communauté politique; les histoires de l'art à propos de l'évolution du style archaique et classique: en réaction à cette toile de fond constituée par ces superbes systèmes narratifs, on considère ici le design d'un pot à parfum appartenant au style connu sous la dénomination de Protocorinthien. Les concepts et leur articulations renvoient à la production de la céramique et à l'iconographie (d'un échantillon étudié de quelques 1930 vases), soulignant, au delà, la totalité du cycle économique de la vie de l'objet, depuis sa production, jusqu'à son échange et sa consommation. En opposition à ces archéologies sociales de type processuel, qui décrivent les objets dans le cadre étroit de la hiérarchie sociale, du statut ou des interactions au sein du groupe – réduisant le style à une simple expression de la ‘société’ – le contexte est défini ici de manière pragmatique, en accord avec ce que suggèere le croisement des interprétations relatives à ce type d'objet. Il en résulte une tentative d'inscrire la relation archéologique archétype entre le particulier et le général, à l'intérieur d'une structure théorique provenant d'une discussion ‘post-processuelle’ du style et de la signification de la culture matérielle. Dans le milieu culturel et idéologique d'un système aristocratique, les innovations sont introduites sous la contrainte et par le changement. On montre ici que les transformations dans la stylistique céramique identifiée comme protocorinthienne ont pour origine une expérience créatrice, à l'articulation du risque et de l'identité, de la violence et la transgression, à travers les définitions du corps et de son double. Les images peintes explicitent par la suite, dans leur idéologie visuelle, le domaine de la masculinité aristocratique, dégagée du monde domestique processuelle, sont mises au défi, tandis qu'une problématique complète est développée pour ce qui conceme la construction archéologique et la compréhension de la culture.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © European Association of Archaeologists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akurgal, E., 1968. The Birth of Greek Art. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Amyx, D. A., 1988. Corinthian Vase Painting in the Archaic Period. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Andrewes, A., 1956. The Greek Tyrants. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Archaeological Review from Cambridge 1990. 9.1 (Technology in the humanities).Google Scholar
Arnold, R., 1972. The Horse-Demon in Early Greek Art and his Eastern Neighbours. Ph.D Dissertation: Columbia University.Google Scholar
Beard, M., 1991. Adopting an approach. In Rasmussen, T. and Spivey, N. (eds), Looking at Greek Vases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Benson, J. L., 1953. Die Geschichte Der Korinthischen Vasen. Basel: Benno Schwabe.Google Scholar
Benson, J. L., 1989. Earlier Corinthian workshops: a Study of Corinthian Geometric And Protocorinthian Stylistic Groups. Amsterdam: Allard Pierson.Google Scholar
Benton, S., 1961. Cattle egrets and bustards in Greek art. Journal of Hellenic Studies 81: 4455.Google Scholar
Bernal, M., 1987 and 1991. Black Athena. Volumes 1 and 2. London: Free Association.Google Scholar
Blok, J., and Mason, P., 1987. Sexual Asymmetry: Studies in Ancient Society. Amsterdam: Gieben.Google Scholar
Boardman, J., 1967. Pre-classical: from Crete to Archaic Greece. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Boardman, J., 1983. Symbol and story in Geometric art. In Moon, W.G. (ed.), Ancient Greek Art and Iconography. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Boast, R., 1990. The categorisation and design systematics of British Beakers: a reassessment. PhD dissertation: Cambridge.Google Scholar
Bosana-Kourou, P., 1979. The sphinx in early Archaic Greek art. PhD dissertation: Oxford.Google Scholar
Buschor, E. 1934. Kentauren. American Journal of Archaeology 38: 128–32.Google Scholar
Carter, J., 1972. The beginning of narrative in the Greek Geometric period. Annual of the British School at Athens 67: 2558.Google Scholar
La cité des images: religion et société en grèce antique. 1984. Paris: Nathan.Google Scholar
Coldstream, J. N., 1968. Greek Geometric Pottery: a Survey of Ten Local Styles and their Chronology. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Coldstream, J. N., 1977. Geometric Greece. London: Benn.Google Scholar
Coldstream, J. N. 1983. The meaning of the regional styles in the eighth century BC. In Hagg, R. (ed.), The Greek Renaissance of the Eighth Century BC. Stockholm.Google Scholar
Conkey, M. and Hastorf, C. (eds), 1990. The Uses of Style in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cook, R. M., 1966. Greek Painted Pottery. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Delplace, C. 1980. Le griffon de l'archaisme a l'époque impériale. Brussels.Google Scholar
Detienne, M., 1972. Les jardins d'Adonis. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Detienne, M., 1977. Dionysos mis à mort. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
DuBois, P., 1988. Sowing the Body: Psychoanalysis and Ancient Representations of Women. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Dunbabin, T. J., and Robertson, M., 1953. Some Protocorinthian vase painters. Annual of the British School at Athens 48: 172–81.Google Scholar
Elsner, J., 1990. Significant details: systems, certainties and the art historian as detective. Antiquity 64.Google Scholar
Farnsworth, F., 1970. Corinthian pottery: technical studies. American Journal of Archaeology 74: 920.Google Scholar
Fittschen, K., 1969. Untersuchungen zum Beginn der Sagendarstellungen bei den Greichen. Berlin: Bruno Hessling.Google Scholar
Friedlander, M. J., 1943. On art and connoisseurship (trans Borenius, ). London: Bruno Cassirer.Google Scholar
Gernet, L., 1981. ‘Value'in Greek myth. In Gordon, R.L. (ed.), Myth, Religion and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ginzberg, C. 1983. Morelli, Freud and Sherlock Holmes: clues and the scientific method. In Eco, U. and Sebeok, T. (eds), The Sign of Three. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Girard, R., 1977. Violence and the Sacred (trans Gregory, ). London: Johns Hopkins.Google Scholar
Hampe, R. and Simon, E., 1981. The Birth of Greek Art: from the Mycenean to the Archaic Period. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Hebdige, D., 1979. Subculture: the Meaning of Style. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Hebdige, D., 1988. Hiding in the Light. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hodder, I., 1990a. The Domestication of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hodder, I., 1990b. Style as historical quality. In Conkey, M. and Hastorf, C. (eds), The Uses of Style in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hurwitt, J. M., 1985. The Art and Culture of Early Greece 1100–480 BC. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Johansen, K. F., 1923. Les vases Sicyoniens. Paris: Champion. Copenhagen: Branner.Google Scholar
Kurtz, D. C., 1985. Beazley and the connoisseurship of Greek vases. In Greek Vases in the J. Paul Getty Museum. Malibu.Google Scholar
Miller, D., 1985. Artefacts as Categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, D., 1987. Material Culture and Mass Consumption. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Morgan, C. and Whitelaw, T., 1991. Pots and politics: ceramic evidence for the rise of the Argive state. American Journal of Archaeology 95: 79108.Google Scholar
Morris, I., 1987. Burial and Ancient Society: the Rise of the Greek City State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Neeft, C. W., 1987. Protocorinthian Subgeometric Aryballoi. Amsterdam: Allard Pierson.Google Scholar
Noble, J. V., 1988. The Techniques of Attic Painted Pottery (revised edition). London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Osborne, R., 1989. A crisis in archaeological history? The seventh century BC in Attica. Annual of the British School at Athens 84: 297322.Google Scholar
Payne, H. G. G., 1931. Necrocorinthia. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Payne, H. G. G., 1933. Protokorinthische Vasenmalerei. Berlin: Keller.Google Scholar
Pye, D., 1980. The Art of Workmanship. London: Royal College of Art.Google Scholar
Robertson, C. M., 1948. Excavations in Ithaca V: the Geometric and later finds from Aetos. Annual of the British School at Athens 43: 60113.Google Scholar
Salmon, J. B., 1984., Wealthy Corinth: a History of the City to 338 BC. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Schiffler, B., 1976. Die Typologie des Kentauren in Antiken Kunst vom 10 bis zum Ende des 4 Jh. v. Chr. Frankfurt and Bern: Lang.Google Scholar
Schmitt, M., 1966. Bellerophon and the chimaera in Archaic Greek art. American Journal of Archaeology 70: 341347.Google Scholar
Schnapp, A., 1987. La duplicité du chasseur. Doctorat d'Etat. Lille Theses.Google Scholar
Schnapp, A., 1988. Why did the Greeks need images? In Christiansen, J. and Melander, T. (eds), Ancient Greek and Related Pottery. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Schnapp-Gourbeillon, A., 1981. Lions, heroes, masques: les représentations de l'animal chez Homère. Paris: Maspero.Google Scholar
Schweitzer, B., 1969. Die geometrische Kunst Griechenlands. Köln: M.du Mont Schauberg.Google Scholar
Shanks, M., 1990. Interpretation in archaeology. In Francovich, R. et al. (eds), Ill ciclo di lezioni sulla ricerca applicata in campo archaeologica. Firenze: Edizioni all'insegna del giglio.Google Scholar
Shanks, M., 1991. Experiencing the Past: on the Character of Archaeology. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Shanks, M., 1992. Some recent approaches to style and social reconstruction in classical archaeology. Archaeological Review from Cambridge 11.Google Scholar
Shanks, M., 1993a. Art and the Rise of the Greek City State. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Shanks, M., 1993b. The forms of history. In Hodder, I. and Shanks, M. (eds), Interpreting Archaeologies. London: Routledge Google Scholar
Shanks, M., forthcoming. A review: Bernal: Black Athena (vols 1 and 2). History Today.Google Scholar
Shanks, M., and Tilley, C., 1987a. Reconstructing Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shanks, M., and Tilley, C., 1987b. Social Theory and Archaeology. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A., 1964. Early Greek Armour and Weapons. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A., 1980a. Archaic Greece: the Age of Experiment. London: Dent.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A., 1980b. Towards the interpretation of the Geometric figure scenes. Mitteilungen des deutschen archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung 95: 51–8.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A., 1982. Narration and Allusion in Archaic Greek art. Eleventh J. L Myres Memorial Lecture. London: Leopards Head.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A., 1987. An Archaeology of Greece: the present state and future scope of a discipline. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Tilley, C. (ed.), 1990. Reading Material Culture. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Tilley, C., 1991. Material Culture and Text: the Art of Ambiguity. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Vernant, J. P., 1962. Les origines de la pensée Grecque. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Von Bothmer, D., 1987. Greek vase painting: 200 years of connoisseurship. In Papers on the Amasis Painter and his World. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Whitley, J., 1987. Art history, archaeology and idealism: the German tradition. In Hodder, I. (ed.), Archaeology as Long Term History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Whitley, J., 1991. Style and Society in Dark Age Greece. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Whitley, J., forthcoming. Protoattic pottery: a contextual approach. In Morris, I. (ed.), Classical Greece: Ancient History and Modern Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar