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Diet selection and milk production and composition in Girgentana goats with different αs1-casein genotype

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 March 2009

Marcella Avondo ,
Renato Italo Pagano ,
Anna Maria Guastella ,
Andrea Criscione ,
Marianna Di Gloria ,
Bernardo Valenti ,
Giuseppe Piccione  and
Pietro Pennisi
Marcella Avondo*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento Scienze Agronomiche, Agrochimiche e delle Produzioni Animali (DACPA)University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
Renato Italo Pagano
Affiliation:
Dipartimento Scienze Agronomiche, Agrochimiche e delle Produzioni Animali (DACPA)University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
Anna Maria Guastella
Affiliation:
Doctoral School in Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Italy
Andrea Criscione
Affiliation:
Dipartimento Scienze Agronomiche, Agrochimiche e delle Produzioni Animali (DACPA)University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
Marianna Di Gloria
Affiliation:
Doctoral School in Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Italy
Bernardo Valenti
Affiliation:
Doctoral School in Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Italy
Giuseppe Piccione
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Sperimentali e Biotecnologie Applicate, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell‘Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
Pietro Pennisi
Affiliation:
Dipartimento Scienze Agronomiche, Agrochimiche e delle Produzioni Animali (DACPA)University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: mavondo@unict.it
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Abstract

In goats, αs1-casein polymorphism is related to different rates of protein synthesis. Two genetic variants, A and F, have been identified as strong and weak alleles based on a production of 3·5 and 0·45 g/l of αs1-casein per allele. The aim of the trial was to test whether goats can select their diet as a function of their genetic aptitude to produce milk at different casein levels and whether this selection can influence milk production or composition. Two groups of 8 animals, homozygous for strong (AA) or weak (FF) alleles were housed in individual pens. Using a manger subdivided into five separate containers, the goats were offered daily for 3 weeks: 1·5 kg of alfalfa pelleted hay, 0·7 kg of whole barley, 0·7 kg of whole maize, 0·7 kg of whole faba bean and 0·7 kg of pelleted sunflower cake. Total dry matter intake was similar between groups and resulted in nutrient inputs much higher than requirements. On average, goats selected 86% of maize plus barley and only 46% of faba bean plus sunflower. Indeed, AA goats selected less faba bean compared with FF goats (37·2 v. 56·7% of the available amount; P=0·01); during week 2 and week 3 they significantly increased maize selection (respectively for week 2 and week 3: 94·9 and 99·1% v. 85·3 and 87·3%) thus increasing the ratio between the high-energy feeds and the high-protein feeds (2·41 v. 1·81, P=0·023). As for true protein, the high soluble fraction (B1) and the indigestible fraction (C) were lower in the diet selected by AA goats (respectively in AA and FF groups: B1, 7·85 v. 9·23% CP, P<0·01; C, 6·07 v. 6·30% CP, P<0·001); these diet characteristics can be associated with lower losses of protein. Milk production, being similar in AA and FF groups when goats were fed with a mixed diet, significantly increased in AA group, when free-choice feeding was given (mean productions: 1198 v. 800 g/d, P<0·01). Casein content was higher in AA group than in FF group (2·70 v. 2·40%, P<0·01) whereas milk urea was higher in FF group (59·7 v. 48·8 mg/dl, P<0·01). In conclusion, when the animals were free to select their diet, their higher genetic aptitude to produce casein seemed to adjust their energy and protein dietary input in qualitative terms, thus leading to an increase in milk production and a decrease in milk urea. These results seem to demonstrate that interactions probably occurred between genetic polymorphism at the αs1-casein locus, diet selection and the efficiency of nutrient transformation into milk.

Keywords

Girgentana goatsαs1-casein genotypediet selectionmilk productionmilk quality
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 76 , Issue 2 , May 2009 , pp. 202 - 209
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2009

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