Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-04T14:42:04.464Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Differential fertility and body build in !Kung San and Kavango females from northern Namibia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2008

Sylvia Kirchengast
Affiliation:
Institute for Human Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria
Eike-Meinrad Winkler
Affiliation:
Institute for Human Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1091 Vienna, Austria

Summary

The study examines the impact of body build on differential fertility patterns in 93 !Kung San and 85 Kavango females from northern Namibia. In both groups shorter females had more offspring, but also more dead offspring, than taller females. The interaction between body weight and fertility was different in both groups and may be due to different nursing behaviour. There was a positive relationship between the typical pedomorphy and fertility in the! Kung San, and directional selection processes may be important.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bailey, S. M. (1979) Socioeconomic interactions with physique and fertility. Hum. Biol. 51, 317.Google ScholarPubMed
Bongaarts, J. (1981) Does malnutrition affect fecundity? A summary of the evidence. Science, 208, 564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bongaarts, J. & Delgado, H. (1977) Effects of the Nutritional Status on Fertility in Rural Guatemala. Institut d'Etudes Demographiques, Paris.Google Scholar
Bressler, J. B. (1962) Maternal height and prevalence of stillbirths. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 20, 515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J., Kaye, S. A. & Folsom, A. R. (1992) Parity-related weight change in women. Int. J. Obes. 16, 627.Google ScholarPubMed
Brush, G., Boyce, A. J. & Harrison, G. A. (1983) Associations between anthropometric variables and reproductive performance in Papua New Guinea highland population. Ann. hum. Biol. 10, 223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, P. & Spuhler, J. N. (1959) Differential fertility in relation to body dimensions,. Hum. Biol. 31, 121.Google Scholar
Damon, A. & Nuttal, R. L. (1965) Ponderal index of fathers and sex ratio of children. Hum. Biol. 37, 23.Google ScholarPubMed
Damon, A. & Thomas, R. B. (1967) Fertility and physique–height, weight, and ponderal index. Hum. Biol. 39, 5.Google Scholar
Dolezal, A. (1976) Somatic changes in the course of and as a consequence of pregnancy. Acta Univ. Carolinae Med. 22, 53.Google ScholarPubMed
Friscancho, A. R., Matos, J., Leonard, W. R. & Yaroch, L. A. (1985) Developmental and nutritional determinants of pregnancy outcome among teenagers. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 66, 247.Google Scholar
Frisch, R. E. (1972) Weight at menarche: similarity for well-nourished girls at different ages, and evidence for historical constancy. Pediatrics, 50, 445.Google Scholar
Frisch, R. E. (1976) Critical metabolic mass and age at menarche. Ann. hum. Biol. 3, 489.Google Scholar
Frisch, R. E. (1978) Population, food intake and fertility. Science, 199, 22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frisch, R. E. (1982) Demographic implications of the biological determinants of female fecundity. Social Biol. 29, 187.Google ScholarPubMed
Frisch, R. E. (1985) Fatness, menarche and female fertility. Perspect. Biol. Med. 28, 611.Google Scholar
Frisch, R. E. & Mcarthur, J. (1974) Menstrual cycles: fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance or onset. Science, 185, 949.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Furusho, T. (1964) Relationship between the stature of the parents and the mortality of their children. Jap. J. hum. Genet. 9, 18.Google ScholarPubMed
Garn, S. M. & Lavelle, M. (1983) Reproductive histories of low weight girls and women. Am. J. clin. Nutr. 37, 862.Google Scholar
Goldstein, M. S. & Kobyliansky, E. (1984) Anthropometric traits, balanced selection and fertility. Hum. Biol. 56, 35.Google ScholarPubMed
Greil, H. & Baudisch, A. (1988) Körperliche Veränderungen während der Schwangerscgaft unter Berücksichtigung des Körperbautyps. Wiss. Zschr. d. Humbolt-Univ. Berlin R. Med. 37, 193.Google Scholar
Grimm, H. & Haffner, G. (1977) Abdominal circumference in very young pregnant women. In: Proceedings of Anthropology & Maternity, pp. 6769. Karls University, Prague.Google Scholar
Harpending, H. (1976) Regional variation in! Kung populations. In: Kalahari Hunter-Gatherers, p. 152. Edited by Lee, R. B. & Devore, I.. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Harpending, H. & Wandsnider, L. (1982) Population structures of Ghanzi and Ngamiland! Kung. In: Current Developments in Anthropological Genetics, p. 29. Edited by Crawford, M. H. & Mielke, J.. Plenum, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harpending, H. & Draper, P. (1990) Estimating parity of parents: an application to the history of infertility among the! Kung of southern Africa. Hum. Biol. 62, 195.Google Scholar
Johnston, F. E., Malina, R. M. & Galbraith, M. A. (1971) Height, weight and age at menarche and the ‘critical weight hypothesis’. Science, 174, 1148.Google Scholar
Johnston, F. E., Roche, A. F., Schell, L. M. & Wettenhall, H. N. B. (1975) Critical weight at menarche: critique of a hypothesis. Am. J. Dis. Child. 129, 19.Google Scholar
Kirchengast, S. (1992) The relation between fertility, body-shape and menopause. J. biosoc. Sci. 24, 555.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirchengast, S. (1993 a) Anthropometric–hormonal correlation patterns in fertile and postmenopausal women from Austria. Ann. hum. Biol. 20, 47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirchengast, S. (1993 b) Anthropological aspects of the age at menopause. Homo, 44, 263.Google Scholar
Kirchengast, S. (1993 c) Charaktenstika des Menstruationszyklus in ihrer Abhängigkeit von der geschlechtstypischen Verteilung des subkutanen Fettgewebes. Gynäkol. Rundschau. 33, 168.Google Scholar
Kirchengast, S. (1994) Differentielle Fertilität und Körperform fertiler und postmenopausaler frauen aus Ostösterreich. Anthrop. Anz. 52, 119.Google Scholar
Kirchengast, S. & Winkler, E. M. (1995) Differential reproductive success and body dimensions in Kavango males from urban and rural areas in northern Namibia. Hum. Biol. 67, 291.Google Scholar
Knussmann, R. (1988) Somatometrie. In: Anthropologie Bdl. Knuβmann (Hrsg). Fischer Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
Kobyliansky, E. & Livshits, G. (1985) Differential fertility and morphological constitution of spouses. Z. Morph. Anthrop. 76, 95.Google Scholar
Konner, M. & Worthman, C. (1980) Nursing frequency, gonadal function and birth spacing among! Kung hunter–gatherers. Science, 207, 788.Google Scholar
Kovalcikova, J. (1977) Changes in the pelvic statics during physiological pregnancy. In: Proceedings Anthropology & Maternity, p. 49. Karls University, Prague.Google Scholar
Lasker, G. W. & Thomas, R. (1976 a) Relationship between reproductive fitness and anthropometric dimensions in a Mexican population. Hum. Biol. 48, 775.Google Scholar
Lasker, G. W. & Thomas, R. (1976 b) The relationship between size and shape of the human head and reproductive fitness. Stud. phys. Anthrop. Polish Acad. Sci. 4, 3.Google Scholar
Lawrence, M. & Whitehead, R. G. (1988) Physical activity and total energy expenditure of child-bearing Gambian village women. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 42, 145.Google Scholar
Lunn, P. G. (1994) Lactation and other metabolic loads affecting human reproduction. In: Human Reproductive Ecology, pp. 7785. Edited by Campbell, K. L. & Wood, J. W.. New York Academy of Sciences, New York.Google Scholar
Martinez, M. G. (1956) Constitution Humana y Determination del Sexo. Editorial Litografia Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.Google Scholar
Martorell, R., Delgado, H. L., Valverde, V. & Klein, R. E. (1981) Maternal stature, fertility and infant mortality. Hum. Biol. 53, 303.Google ScholarPubMed
Mitton, J. B. (1975) Fertility differentials in modern societies resulting in normalizing selection for height. Hum. Biol. 49, 189.Google Scholar
Mueller, W. H. (1979) Fertility and physique in a malnourished population. Hum. Biol. 51, 153.Google Scholar
Öhlin, A. & Rossner, S. (1990) Maternal body weight development after pregnancy. Int. J. Obes. 14, 159.Google Scholar
Pennington, R. & Harpending, H. (1988) Fitness and fertility in Kalahari! Kung. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 77, 303.Google Scholar
Prentice, A. M., Whitehead, R. G., Roberts, S. B. & Paul, A. A. (1981) Long-term energy balance in childbearing Gambian women. Am. J. clin. Nutr. 34, 2790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quandt, S. A. (1983) Changes in maternal postpartum adiposity and infant feeding patterns. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 60, 455.Google Scholar
Raschka, C. (1991) Bezüge zwischen konstitutionellen, anthropometrischen Kenngröβen und individuellen Hormonspiegeln bei Ausdauersportlernmorpho-endokrinologische Korrelationen. Wiss. Z. Hum. Univ. Berlin, 40, 132.Google Scholar
Rookus, M. A., Rokebrand, P., Burema, J. & Deurenberg, P. (1987) The effect of pregnancy on the body mass index nine months postpartum in 49 women. Int. J. Obes. 11, 609.Google Scholar
Scott, E. C. & Bajema, C. J. (1982) Height, weight and fertility among the participants of the third Harvard growth study. Hum. Biol. 54, 501.Google Scholar
Scott, E. C. & Johnston, F. E. (1985) Science, nutrition, fat and policy: tests of the critical fat hypothesis. Curr. Anthrop. 26, 463.Google Scholar
Singh, J., Prentice, A. M., Diaz, E., Coward, W. A., Ashford, J., Sawyer, M. & Whitehead, R. G. (1989) Energy expenditure of Gambian women during peak agricultural activity measured by doubly-labelled water method. Br. J. Nutr. 62, 315.Google Scholar
Stöber, E. & Sommer, K. (1988) Veränderungen der Beckenmaβe Gravider. Wiss. Zschr. Humboldt-Univ. Berlin R. Med. 37, 190.Google Scholar
Titlbachova, S. & Dlezal, A. (1977) Gravidity and somatic changes. In: Proceedings Anthropology & Maternity, Karis University, Prague.Google Scholar
Tracer, D. P. (1991) Fertility-related changes in maternal body composition among the Au of Papua New Guinea. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. 85, 393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Who (1985) The Quantity and Quality of Breast-milk: Report on the WHO Collaborative Study on Breast-feeding. World Health Organisation, Geneva.Google Scholar
Winkler, E. M. & Kirchengast, S. (1994) Body dimensions and differential fertility in! Kung San males from Namibia. Am. J. hum. Biol. 6, 203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed