Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T04:11:21.044Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Regulatory Oversight and Benefit-Cost Analysis: A Historical Perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2020

Susan E. Dudley*
Affiliation:
The George Washington University Regulatory Studies Center, USA E-mail: sdudley@gwu.edu

Extract

The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Executive Office of the President coordinates the federal government’s regulatory agenda, reviews executive branch agencies’ draft regulations, and oversees government-wide information quality, peer review, privacy, and statistical policies. Remarkably, its regulatory oversight functions, and the benefit-cost framework underlying them, have not changed significantly through six very different presidential administrations. This article examines the evolution of executive regulatory oversight and analysis from the 1970s to today, exploring the reasons for its durability and whether the current imposition of a regulatory budget challenges the bipartisan nature of regulatory practice.

Type
Comment
Copyright
© Society for Benefit-Cost Analysis, 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Ackerman, Frank, and Heinzerling, Lisa. 2004. Priceless: On Knowing the Price of Everything and the Value of Nothing. New York, NY: New Press.Google Scholar
Aldy, Joseph Edgar. 2014. Learning from Experience: An Assessment of the Retrospective Reviews of Agency Rules and the Evidence for Improving the Design and Implementation of Regulatory Policy. Administrative Conference of the United States. Available at http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/jaldy/img/aldy_retrospective.pdf. (accessed September 26, 2019).Google Scholar
Bruff, Harold. 1989. “Presidential Management of Agency Rulemaking.” The George Washington Law Review, 57(3): 552562.Google Scholar
Demuth, Christopher. 2011. “OIRA at Thirty.” Administrative Law Review, 63(Jan): 1525.Google Scholar
Derthick, Martha, and Quirk, Paul J.. 1985. The Politics of Deregulation. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Dudley, Susan E. 2016. “Can Fiscal Budget Concepts Improve Regulation?New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy, 19(2): 259280.Google Scholar
Dudley, Susan. 2019. “A Brief History of Regulation and Deregulation.” The Regulatory Review. Available at https://www.theregreview.org/2019/03/11/dudley-brief-history-regulation-deregulation/. (accessed September 21, 2019).Google Scholar
Dudley, Susan E., and Mannix, Brian F.. 2018. “Improving Regulatory Benefit-Cost Analysis.” The Journal of Law & Politics, 34(1): 120.Google Scholar
Eads, George C., and Fix, Michael. 1982. “Regulatory Policy.” In The Reagan Experiment: An Examination of Economic and Social Policies Under the Reagan Administration, edited by Palmer, John L., and Sawhill, Isabel V.. Washington, DC : Urban Institute.Google Scholar
E.O. 11821. 1974. Executive Order 11821 of November 29, 1974, Inflation Impact Statements.Google Scholar
E.O. 11949. 1977. Executive Order 11949 of January 5, 1977, Economic Impact Statements.Google Scholar
E.O. 12044. 1978. Executive Order 12044 of March 23, 1978, Improving Government Regulation.Google Scholar
E.O. 12291. 1981. Executive Order 12291 of February 17, 1981, Federal Regulation.Google Scholar
E.O. 12866. 1993. “Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993, Regulatory Planning and Review”.Google Scholar
E.O. 13563. 2011. Executive Order 13563 of January 18, 2011, Improving Regulation an Regulatory Review.Google Scholar
E.O. 13579. 2011. Executive Order 13579 of July 11, 2011, Regulation and Independent Regulatory Agencies.Google Scholar
E.O. 13771. 2017. “Executive Order 13771 of January 30, 2017, Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs”.Google Scholar
Fix, Michael, and Eads, George C.. 1985. “The Prospects for Regulatory Reform: The Legacy of Reagan’s First Term.” Yale Journal on Regulation, 2(2): 293318.Google Scholar
Gayer, Ted, Litan, Robert, and Wallach, Phillip. 2017. “Evaluating the Trump Administration’s Regulatory Reform Program.” Series on Regulatory Process and Perspective. Brookings Center on Regulation and Markets. Available at https://www.brookings.edu/research/evaluating-the-trump-administrations-regulatory-reform-program/. (accessed September 26, 2019).Google Scholar
Graham, John D., and Noe, Paul R.. 2016. “A Paradigm Shift in the Cost-Benefit State.” The Regulatory Review. Available at https://www.theregreview.org/2016/04/26/graham-noe-shift-in-the-cost-benefit-state/ (accessed September 26, 2019).Google Scholar
Graham, John D., Branch, Elizabeth L., and Noe, Paul R.. 2006. “Managing the Regulatory State: The Experience of the Bush Administration.” Fordham Urban Law Journal, 33(4): 9531002.Google Scholar
Gray, C. Boyden. 1993. “Lessons. (Bush Administration Regulatory Activities) (Reflections on the Bush Regulatory Record).” Regulation, 16(3): 4.Google Scholar
Hopkins, Thomas D. 2011. “The Evolution of Regulatory Oversight-CWPS to OIRA.” Administrative Law Review, 63: 7177.Google Scholar
Kagan, Elena. 2001. “Presidential Administration.” Harvard Law Review, 114: 8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katzen, Sally. 2018a. “Benefit-Cost Analysis Should Promote Rational Decision Making.” The Regulatory Review. Available at https://www.theregreview.org/2018/04/24/katzen-benefit-cost-analysis-promote-decisionmaking/. (accessed September 21, 2019).Google Scholar
Katzen, Sally. 2018b. “Tracing Executive Order 12866’s Longevity to Its Roots.” Regulatory Studies Center. Available at https://regulatorystudies.columbian.gwu.edu/tracing-executive-order-12866’s-longevity-its-roots-katzen. (accessed September 21, 2019).Google Scholar
Mandel, Michael, and Carew, Diana. 2013. Regulatory Improvement Commission: A Politically-Viable Approach to U.S. Regulatory Reform. Progressive Policy Institute.Google Scholar
OECD . 2008. Introductory Handbook for Undertaking Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Google Scholar
Obama, Barack H. 2009. Regulatory Review [Memorandum]. Available at https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/information_and_regulatory_affairs/regulatory_review_012009.pdf. (accessed September 26, 2019).Google Scholar
OMB. 2002. Guidelines for Ensuring and Maximizing the Quality, Objectivity, Utility, and Integrity of Information Disseminated by Federal Agencies [Memorandum], 67 Fed. Reg. 8452 (February 22, 2002). Available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/omb/assets/OMB/fedreg/reproducible2.pdf. (accessed September 26, 2019).Google Scholar
OMB. 2003. Regulatory Analysis. OMB Circular A-4 [Memorandum] (September 17, 2003).Google Scholar
OMB. 2004. M-05-03, Issuance of OMB’s “Final Information Quality Bulletin for Peer Review [Memorandum]. Available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/omb/memoranda/2005/m05-03.pdf. (accessed September 26, 2019).Google Scholar
OMB. 2007a. Final Bulletin for Agency Good Guidance Practices [Memorandum]. 72 Fed. Reg. 3432, 3440 (January 25, 2007).Google Scholar
OMB. 2007b. M-07-24, Updated Principles for Risk Analysis [Memorandum]. Available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/omb/memoranda/2007/m07-24.pdf. (accessed September 26, 2019).Google Scholar
Pierce, Richard J.. 2016. “The Regulatory Budget Debate.” New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy, 19(2): 249258.Google Scholar
Revesz, Richard L., and Livermore, Michael A.. 2008. Retaking Rationality: How Cost-Benefit Analysis Can Better Protect the Environment and Our Health Oxford. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schultz, George. 1971. Agency regulations, standards, and guidelines pertaining to environmental quality, consumer protection, and occupational and public health and safety [Memorandum]. (October 5, 1971).Google Scholar
Shepherd, George. 1996Fierce Compromise: The Administrative Procedure Act Emerges From New Deal Politics.” Northwestern University Law Review, 90(4): 27.Google Scholar
Stigler, George J. 1971. “The Theory of Economic Regulation.” The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 2(1): 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sunstein, Cass R. 2011. “Smarter Regulation: Remarks from Cass Sunstein, Administrator, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.” Administrative Law Review, 63(Jan: 713).Google Scholar
Sunstein, Cass R. 2017. “Cost-Benefit Analysis and Arbitrariness Review.” Harvard Environmental Law Review, 41(1): 141.Google Scholar
Tozzi, Jim. 2011. “OIRA’S Formative Years: The Historical Record of Centralized Regulatory Review Preceding OIRA’S Founding.” Administrative Law Review, 63: 3769.Google Scholar
Weidenbaum, Murray. 1997. “Regulatory Process Reform: From Ford to Clinton.” Regulation, 11(Jan): 2026.Google Scholar
Weidenbaum, Murray. 2004. Business and Government in the Global Marketplace, 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.Google Scholar

Cases Cited

Humphrey’s Executor v. United States, 295 U.S. 602, 625 (1935).Google Scholar
Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper, Inc., 556 U.S. 208 (2009).Google Scholar
Michigan v. Envtl. Prot. Agency, 576 U.S. ___ (2015).Google Scholar
Sierra Club v. Costle. 657 F.2d 298 15 ERC 2137, 211 U.S.App.D.C. 336, 11; Envtl. L. Rep. 20,455 1981.Google Scholar

Laws Cited

Council on Wage and Price Stability Act of 1974, Pub. L. No. 93-387. (1974).Google Scholar
Council on Wage and Price Stability Act Amendments of 1975, Pub. L. No. 94-78 (1975).Google Scholar
Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 Pub. L. No. 96-354 (1980).Google Scholar
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 Pub. L. No. 96-511, 94 (1980).Google Scholar
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, 44 U.S.C. §§ 3501-3520 (1982).Google Scholar