Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T11:11:57.813Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Buddhism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2010

John R. McRae
Get access

Extract

In comparison with other forms of Chinese religions, the study of Chinese Buddhism benefits from several factors. First, the international range of Buddhism allows for fruitful comparison with developments in other neighboring cultures such as India and Japan, and the contemporary identity of Buddhism as a missionary—or at least adoptable—religion provides a continuing audience and community of scholars. Second, the maturity of Buddhist studies as a field of scholarly inquiry, especially in Japan and Europe, has allowed for synergistic cooperation with colleagues having different educational backgrounds and points of view. And, third, the recent emphasis on the study of nonmainstream or popular religious practices has presented challenges that have led the field in new and exciting directions. An attempt to bring together scholars working in these different areas is reported in McRae and Armijo-Hussein et al. 1989.

Type
Chinese ReligionsThe State of the Field, Part II. Living Religious Traditions: Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Islam and Popular Religion
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 54 , Issue 2 , May 1995 , pp. 354 - 371
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Abe, Stanley K. 1991. “Art and Practice in a Fifth-Century Buddhist Cave Temple.” Ars Orientalis 20:1–31.Google Scholar
App, Urs Erwin. 1989. “Facets of the Life and Teaching of Chan Master Yunmen Wenyan 864–949.” Ph.D. diss., Temple University.Google Scholar
Bantly, Francisca Cho. 1989. “Buddhist Allegory in the Journey to the West Journal of Asian Studies 48, 3:512–524.Google Scholar
Barrett, Timothy Hugh. 1986. “Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism in the Thought of Li Ao. Volumes One and Two. Ph.D. diss., Yale University.Google Scholar
Barrett, Timothy Hugh. 1992. Li Ao: Buddhist, Taoist, or Neo-Confucian? London Oriental Series, vol. 39. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Berling, Judith A. 1980. The Syncretic Religion of Lin Chao-en. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berling, Judith A.. 1987. “Bringing the Buddha Down to Earth: Notes on the Emergence of Yü-lu as a Buddhist genre.” History of Religions 27:56–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birnbaum, Raoul. 1979. The Healing Buddha. Boulder, Colo: Shambhala Publications.Google Scholar
Birnbaum, Raoul. 1983. Studies on the Mysteries of Manjuśrī: A Group of East Asian Mandalas and Their Traditional Symbolism. N.P. Society for the Study of Chinese Religion.Google Scholar
Birnbaum, Raoul. 1986. “The Manifestation of a Monastery: Shen-ying's Experiences on Mount Wu-t'ai in T'ang Context.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 106, 1:119–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birnbaum, Raoul. 1988. “Caves of Mystery at Sacred Mount Wu-t'ai: A Theme in the Creation of a Buddhist Sacred Geography in China,” Chicago, November 20, 1988 at the American Academy of Religion.Google Scholar
Brinker, H.Kramers, R. P. and Ouwehand, C., eds. 1985. Zen in China, Japan, and East Asian Art: Papers of the International Symposium on Zen, Zurich University, 16. –18.11. 1982. Swiss Asian Studies, Research Studies, vol. 8. Berne, Switzerland: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Broughton, Jeffrey. 1983. “Early Ch'an Schools in Tibet.” In Gimello, R. M. and Gregory, P. N., eds., In Studies in Ch'an and Hua-yen, pp. 1–68. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Buswell, Robert E. Jr. 1989. The Formation of Ch'an Ideology in China and Korea: The Vajrasamādhi-Sūtra, A Buddhist Apocryphon. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Buswell, Robert E. Jr.. ed. 1990. Chinese Buddhist Apocrypha. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buswell, Robert E. Jr. and Gimello, Robert M., eds. 1992. Paths to Liberation: The Mārga and its Transformations in Buddhist Thought. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caswell, James O. 1988. Written and Unwritten: A New History of the Buddhist Caves at Yungang. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.Google Scholar
Sin-Wai, Chan. 1985. Buddhism in Late Ch'ing Political Thought. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, and Boulder, Colo: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Chappell, David W., ed. 1987. Buddhist and Taoist Practice in Medieval Chinese Society: Buddhist and Taoist Studies II. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ch'en, Kenneth K. S. 1964. Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen-Hua, . 1992. In Search of the Dharma: Memoirs of a Modern Chinese Buddhist Pilgrim. Trans. Mair, Denis C.. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Cleary, Thomas. 1983. Entry Into the Inconceivable: An Introduction to Hua-Yen Buddhism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coblin, W. South. Forthcoming. “BTD Revisited—A Reconsideration of the Han Buddhist Transcriptional Dialect.” Nankang, Taiwan: Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica.Google Scholar
Despeux, Catherine. 1980. Les entretiens de Mazu: Maître chan du VIII siècle, Introduction, traduction et notes. Paris: Les Deux Océans.Google Scholar
Donner, Neal, and Stevenson, Daniel B.. 1993. The Great Calming and Contemplation: A Study and Annotated Translation of the First Chapter of Chih-i's Mo-ho chih-kuan. Kuroda Institute Classics in East Asian Buddhism Series. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Dumoulin, Heinrich. 1988. Zen Buddhism: A History— Volume 1 India and China. New York: Macmillan. Trans. Heisig, James W. and Knitter, Paul, from Heinrich Dumoulin 1985. Geschichte des Zen-Buddhismus. Band I: Indien und China. Bern-München: Francke Verlag.Google Scholar
Dumoulin, Heinrich. 1992. Zen Buddhism in the 20th Century. Trans. O'Leary, Joseph. New York: Weatherhill.Google Scholar
Faure, Bernard. 1986. “Bodhidharma as Textual and Religious Paradigm.” History of Religions. 25, 3:187–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, Bernard. 1988. La volonté d'orthodoxie dans le bouddhisme chinois. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.Google Scholar
Faure, Bernard. 1989. Le Bouddhisme Ch'an en mal D'histoire: genèse d'une tradition religieuse dans la Chine des T'ang. Publications de L' école Française d'Extrême-Orient, Volume 158. Paris: École Française d'Extrême-Orient.Google Scholar
Faure, Bernard. 1991. The Rhetoric of Immediacy: A Cultural Critique of Chan I Zen Buddhism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, Bernard. 1993. Chan Insights and Oversights: An Epistemological Critique of the Chan Tradition. Princeton, Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foulk, Theodore Griffith. 1987. “The ‘Ch'an School’ and its Place in the Buddhist Monastic Tradition.” Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Foulk, Theodore Griffith. 1993. “Myth, Ritual, and Monastic Practice in Sung Ch'an Buddhism.” In Ebrey, Patricia Buckley and Gregory, Peter N., eds., Religion and Society in T'ang and Sung China, pp. 147–208. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Foulk, T. Griffith and Sharf, Robert H.. 1993–1994. “On the Ritual Use of Ch'an Portraiture in Medieval China.” Cahiers d 'Extrême-Asie 7:149–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forte, Antonino. 1976. Political Propaganda and Ideology in China at the End of the Seventh Century: Inquiry into the Nature, Authors and Function of the Tunhuang Document S.6502 Followed by an Annotated Translation. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale.Google Scholar
Forte, Antonino. 1988a. Mingtang and Buddhist Utopias in the History of the Astronomical Clock: The Tower, Statue and Armillary Sphere Constructed by Empress Wu. Rome: Istituto Italiana per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente; Paris: École Française d'Extrême-Orient.Google Scholar
Forte, Antonino. ed. 1988b. Tang China and Beyond: Studies on East Asia from the Seventh to the Tenth Century. Kyoto: Istituto italiano di cultura, Scuola di studi sull'Asia orientale.Google Scholar
Gardner, Daniel K. 1991. “Modes of Thinking and Modes of Discourse in the Sung: Some Thoughts on the Yü-lu (“Recorded Conversations”) Texts. Journal of Asian Studies 50, 3:574–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gimello, Robert Michael. 1976. “Chih-yen, 602–668 and the Foundations of Hua-yen Buddhism.” Ph.D. diss., Columbia University.Google Scholar
Gimello, Robert Michael. 1992. “Mārga and Culture: Learning, Letters, and Liberation in Northern Sung Ch'an.” In Buswell, Robert E. Jr and Gimello, Robert M., eds., Paths to Liberation: The Mārga and its Transformations in Buddhist Thought, pp. 371–437. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gimello, R. M. and Gregory, P. N., eds. 1983. Studies in Ch'an and Hua-yen. Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism, no. 1. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, Peter Nielsen, ed. 1986. Traditions of Meditation in Chinese Buddhism. Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism, no. 4. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, Peter Nielsen. ed. 1987. Sudden and Gradual: Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought. Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism, no. 5. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, Peter Nielsen. 1991. Tsung-mi and the Sinification of Buddhism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gregory, Peter Nielsen. 1993–1994. “Tsung-mi's Perfect Enlightenment Retreat: Ch'an Ritual During the T'ang Dynasty.” Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie 7:115–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosnick, William. 1989. “The Categories oiT'i, Hsiang, and Yung: Evidence that Parmārtha Composed the Awakening of Faith.” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 12, 1:65–92.Google Scholar
Hanson-Barber, A. W. 1985. “‘No-Thought’ in Pao-T'ang Ch'an and Early Ati-Yogz.” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 8, 2:61–73.Google Scholar
Hsing, Lawrence Fu-Chuan. 1983. Taiwanese Buddhism and Buddhist Temples. Taipei: Pacific Cultural Foundation.Google Scholar
Hsu, Sung-Pen. 1979. A Buddhist Leader in Ming China: The Life and Thought of Han-Shan Te-Ch'ing. University Park, Penn.: Pennsylvania University Press.Google Scholar
Huang, Chi-Chiang. 1986. “Experiment in Syncretism: Ch'i-sung 1007–1072 and Eleventh-Century Chinese Buddhism.” Ph.D. diss., University of Arizona.Google Scholar
Hubbard, James B. 1986. “Salvation in the Final Period of the Dharma: The Inexhaustible Storehouse of the San-chieh-chiao.” Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Jan, Yün-Hua. 1977. “The Power of Recitation: An Unstudied Aspect of Chinese Buddhism.” Studi Storico Religiosi 1, 2:289–299.Google Scholar
Jan, Yün-Hua. 1986. “Patterns of Chinese Assimilation of Buddhist Thought: A Comparative Study of No-thought wu-nien in Indian and Chinese Texts.” Journal of Oriental Studies 24, 1:21–36.Google Scholar
Jorgensen, John. 1987. “The ‘Imperial’ Lineage of Ch'an Buddhism: The Role of Confucian Ritual and Ancestor Worship in Ch'an's search for Legitimation in the Mid-T'ang Dynasty.” Papers on Far Eastern History 35:89–133.Google Scholar
Kim, Young-Ho. 1990. Tao-sheng's Commentary on the Lotus Sūtra: a Study and Translation. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Koseki, Aaron K. 1984. “Chi-tsang's Sheng-man pao-k'u: The True Dharma Doctrine and the Bodhisattva Ideal.” Philosophy East and West 34:67–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraft, Kenneth, ed. 1988. Zen: Tradition and Transition— A Sourcebook by Contemporary Zen Masters and Scholars. New York: Grove Press.Google Scholar
Lai, Whalen and Lancaster, Lewis R., eds. 1983. Early Ch'an in China and Tibet. Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series, no. 5. Berkeley, Calif.: Asian Humanities Press.Google Scholar
Lancaster, Lewis R. 1979a. “Buddhist Literature: Its Canons, Scribes, and Editors.” In O'Flaherty, Wendy Doniger, ed., The Critical Study of Sacred Texts, pp. 215–29. Berkeley, Calif.: Berkeley Religious Studies Series.Google Scholar
Lancaster, Lewis R.. 1979b. The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lancaster, Lewis R.. 1986. “The Question of ‘Apocryphal’ Words in Chinese Buddhist Texts.” Paper delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Religion, Atlanta, Georgia, November 24, 1986.Google Scholar
Levering, Miriam Lindsey. 1978. “Ch'an Enlightenment for Laymen: Ta-hui and the New Religious Culture of the Sung.” Ph.D. diss., Harvard University.Google Scholar
Lievens, Bavo. 1987. The Recorded Sayings of Ma-tsu. Trans, from the Dutch by Julian Pas. Lewiston, NY: E. Mellen Press.Google Scholar
Liu, Ming-Wood. 1985a. “The Yogācāra and Mādhyamika Interpretations of the Buddha-nature Concept in Chinese Buddhism.” Philosophy East and West 35:171–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Ming-Wood. 1985b. “The Mind-only Teaching of Ching-ying Hui-yüan: An Early Interpretation of Yogācāra Thought in China.” Philosophy East and West 35:351–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Ming-Wood. 1987. “Fan Chen's Treatise on the Destructibility of the Spirit and its Buddhist Critics.” Philosophy East and West 37:402–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xinru, Liu [Liu Hsin-ju]. 1988. Ancient India and Ancient China: Trade and Religious Exchanges, AD 1–600. Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zhufeng, Luo, ed. 1991. Religion under Socialism in China. Trans, by Maclnnis, Donald E. and Xi'an, Zheng, with an introduction by Maclnnis, Donald E. and foreward by Ting, Bishop K. H.. Chinese Studies on China. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Daniel, Lusthaus. 1989. “A Philosophic Investigation of the Ch'eng Wei-shih Lun: Vasubandhu, Hsüan-tsang and the transmission of the Vijnapti-mātra from India to China.” Ph.D. diss., Temple University.Google Scholar
Daniel, Lusthaus. Forthcoming. Buddhist Phenomenology: The Ch'eng Wei-shih Lun in Philosophic Context. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Magnin, Paul. 1979. La vie et l'Oeuvre de Huisi (515–577): Les origines de la secte bouddhique chinoise du Tiantai. Publications d l' École Française d'Extrême-Orient, 116. Paris: École Française d'Extrême-Orient.Google Scholar
Mair, Victor. 1983. Tun-huang Popular Narratives. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Mair, Victor. 1986a. “The Origins of an Iconographical Form of the Pilgrim Hsüan-tsang.” T'ang Studies 4:29–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mair, Victor. 1986b. “Oral and Written Aspects of Chinese Sutra Lectures (Chiang-Ching-Wen).” Chinese Studies 4, 2:311–34.Google Scholar
Mair, Victor. 1988a. Painting and Performance: Chinese Picture Recitation and Its Indian Genesis. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Mair, Victor. 1988b. “The Buddhist Tradition of Prosimetric Oral Narrative in Chinese Literature.” Oral Tradition 3, 1–2:106–121.Google Scholar
Mair, Victor. 1989a. “India and China: Observations on Cultural Borrowing.” Journal of The Asiatic Society 31, 3–4:61–94.Google Scholar
Mair, Victor. 1989b. T'ang Transformation Texts. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Mair, Victor and Mei, Tsu-Lin. 1991. “The Sanskrit Origins of Recent Style Prosody.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 51, 2:375–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maraldo, John C. 1985. “Is There Historical Consciousness Within Ch'an?” Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 12, 2–3:141–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcrae, John R., 1983. “The Ox-head School of Chinese Buddhism: From Early Ch'an to the Golden Age.” In Gimello, R. M. and Gregory, P. N., eds., Studies in Ch'an and Hua-yen, pp. 169–253. Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism, no. 1. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press in association with the Kuroda Institute.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcrae, John R.. 1986. The Northern School and the Formation of Early Ch'an Buddhism. Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism, no. 3. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcrae, John R.. 1987. “Shen-hui and the Teaching of Sudden Enlightenment.” In Gregory, Peter N., ed., Sudden and Gradual Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought, pp. 227–78. Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism, no. 5. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcrae, John R.. 1988a. “Ch'an Commentaries on the Heart Sutra.” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 11, 2:87–115.Google Scholar
Mcrae, John R.. 1988b. “The Story of Early Ch'an.” In Kraft, Kenneth, ed., Zen: Tradition and Transition, pp. 125–39. New York: Grove Press.Google Scholar
Mcrae, John R.. 1989. “Report: The Platform Sutra in religious and cultural perspective.” The Eastern Buddhist n.s. 22, 2:130–35.Google Scholar
Mcrae, John R.. 1990. “The Legend of Hui-neng and the Mandate of Heaven.” Fo Kuang Shan Report of International Conference on Ch'an Buddhism, pp. 69–82. Kao-hsiung, Taiwan: Fo Kuang Publisher.Google Scholar
Mcrae, John R.. 1992. “Encounter Dialogue and the Transformation of the Spiritual Path in Chinese Ch'an.” In Buswell, Robert E. Jr and Gimello, Robert M., eds., Paths to Liberation: The Mārga and its Transformations in Buddhist Thought, pp. 339–69. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcrae, John R.. 1993–1994. “Yanagida Seizan's Landmark Works on Chinese Ch'an.” Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie 7:51–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcrae, John R.. Forthcoming. Evangelical Zen: Shen-hui (684–758), Sudden Enlightenment and the Southern School of Chinese Ch'an Buddhism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Mcrae, John R. and Armijo-Hussein, Jackie et al. 1989. “The Historical Legacy of Religion in China: Report on a Workshop Held at Harvard University.” Journal of Chinese Religions 17:61–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nattier, Jan. 1991. Once Upon a Future Time: Studies in a Buddhist Prophecy of Decline. Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press.Google Scholar
Nattier, Jan. 1992. “The Heart Sūtra: A Chinese Apocryphal Text?” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 15, 2:153–223.Google Scholar
Norbu, Namkhai. 1984. Dzog Chen and Zen, ed. Lipman, Kennard. Oakland, Calif.: Zhang Zhung.Google Scholar
Orzech, Charles D. 1989a. “Puns on the Humane King: Analogy and Application in an East Asian Apocryphon.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 109, 1:17–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orzech, Charles D.. 1989b. “Seeing Chen-yen Buddhism: Traditional Scholarship and the Vajrayāna in China.” History of Religions 29, 2:87–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overmyer, Daniel L. 1990. “Buddhism in the Trenches: Attitudes toward Popular Religion in Chinese Scriptures Found at Tun-Huang.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 50, 1:197–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pachow, W. 1980. Chinese Buddhism: Aspects of Interaction and Reinterpretation. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America.Google Scholar
Paul, Diana. 1980. “Empress Wu and the Historians: A Tyrant and Saint of Classical China.” In Falk, Nancy and Gross, Rita, eds., Unspoken Worlds: Women's Religious Lives in Non-Western Cultures, pp. 191–206. New York: Harper and & Row.Google Scholar
Paul, Diana. 1984. Philosophy of Mind in Sixth-century China: Paramārtha's “evolution of consciousness.” Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Perris, Arnold. 1986. “Feeding the Hungry Ghosts: Some Observations on Buddhist music and Buddhism from Both Sides of the Taiwan Strait.” Ethnomusicology 30:428–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, William Frederick. 1982. “The Record of Tung-shan: An Analysis of Pedagogic Style in Ch'an Buddhism.” Ph.D. diss., University of California at Berkeley.Google Scholar
Powell, William Frederick. trans. 1986. The Record of Tung-shan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Powell, William Frederick. 1987. “Mt. Jiuhua: The Nine-Florate Realm of Dicang Pusa.” Ajia Bunka Kenkyu (ICU, Tokyo) 16:55–69.Google Scholar
Pulleyblank, Edwin G. 1983. “Stages in the Transcription of Indian Words in Chinese from Han to Tang.” In Rohrborn, Klaus and Veenker, Wolfgang, eds., Sprachen des Buddhismus in Zentraliasien: Vorträge des Hamburger Symposions vom 2.Juli bis 5Juli 1981, pp. 73–102. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Glintzer, Helwig. 1976. Das Hung-ming chi und die Aufnahme des Buddhismus in China. Wiesbaden: Steiner.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Glintzer, Helwig. 1982. Die Identität der buddhistischen Schulen und die Kompilation buddhistischer Universalgeschichten in China; ein Beitrag zur Geistesgeschichte der Sung-Zeit. Münchener Ostasiatische Studien 26. Wiesbaden: F. Steiner.Google Scholar
Schopen, Gregory. 1984a. “Filial Piety and the Monk in the Practice of Indian Buddhism: A Question of ‘Sinicization’ Viewed from the Other Side.” T'oung Pao 70:110–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seckel, Dietrich. 1989. Buddhist Art of East Asia. Trans. Mammitzsch, Ulrich. Bellingham: Western Washington Press.Google Scholar
Sharf, Robert H. 1991. “The ‘Treasure Store Treatise’ (Pao-tsang lun) and the Sinification of Buddhism in Eighth-Century China.” Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Sharf, Robert H.. 1992. “The Idolization of Enlightenment: On the Mummification of Ch'an Masters in Medieval China.” History of Religions 32. 1:1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shinohara, Koichi. 1988. “Two Sources of Chinese Buddhist Biographies: Stupa Inscriptions and Miracle Stories.” In Granoff, Phyllis and Shinohara, Koichi, eds., Monks and Magicians: Religious Biographies in India and China, pp. 119–228. Oakville, Ontario: Mosaic Press.Google Scholar
Shinohara, Koichi. 1990. “Daoxuan's Collection of Miracle Stories about Supernatural Monks (Shenseng gantong lu): An Analysis of Its Sources.” Chung-hwa Buddhist Journal 3:319–379.Google Scholar
Shinohara, Koichi. 1991a. “The Ji shenzhou sanbao gantong lu: Exploratory Notes.” In Jha, V. N., ed., Kalyana Mitta: Professor Hajime Nakamura Felicitation Volume, pp. 203–24. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications.Google Scholar
Shinohara, Koichi. 1991b. “Structure and Communitas in Po Chü-yi's Tomb Inscriptions.” Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal 4:379–450.Google Scholar
Shinohara, Koichi. 1991c. “The Ruijing lu: An Analysis of Its Sources.” Journal of the International Association for Buddhist Studies 14, 1:73–154.Google Scholar
Shinohara, Koichi. 1991d. “The Maitreya Image in Shicheng and Guanding's Biography of Zhiyi.” In Schopen, Gregory and Shinohara, Koichi, eds., From Benares to Beijing: Essays in Honour of Dr. Jan Yün-hua, pp. 203–28. Oakville, Ontario: Mosaic Press.Google Scholar
Shinohara, Koichi. 1992. “Guanding's Biography of Zhiyi, the Fourth Patriarch of the Tiantai Tradition.” In Granoff, Phyllis and Shinoharu, Kuichi, eds., Speaking of Monks: Religious Biography in Asia. Oakville, Ontario: Mosaic Press.Google Scholar
Shinohara, Koichi. 1994. “‘Biographies of Eminent Monks’ in a comparative perspective: The function of the holy in medieval Chinese Buddhism.” Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal 5.Google Scholar
Sponberg, Alan. 1983. “The Trisvabhāva Doctrine in India and China: A Study of Three Exegetical Models.” Ryūkoku Daigaku Bukkyō Bunka Kenkyūjo Kiyō 21:97–119.Google Scholar
Strickmann, Michel. 1982. “India in the Chinese Looking-Glass.” In Klimburg-Salter, Deborah E., ed., The Silk Route and the Diamond Path: Esoteric Buddhist Art on the Trans-Himalayan Trade Routes, pp. 53–63. Los Angeles: UCLA Art Council.Google Scholar
Strickmann, Michel. 1983. Tantric and Taoist Studies in Honour of R.A. Stein, 3 vols. Mélanges chinois et bouddhiques 20, 21, and 22. Bruxelles: Institut Beige des Hautes Études Chinoises.Google Scholar
Strickmann, Michel. 1988. “Dreamwork of Psycho-Sinologists: Doctors, Taoists, Monks.” In Brown, Carolyn T., ed., Psycho-Sinology: The Universe of Dreams in Chinese Culture, pp. 25–46. Washington, DC: Asia Program, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.Google Scholar
Strickmann, Michel. 1989. “Apocalypse in China: Medieval Visions of the World and its Destiny.” Evans-Wentz lectures, Stanford University, April 10–12, 1989.Google Scholar
Strickmann, Michel. Forthcoming. Mantras et mandarins: le bouddhisme tantrique en Chine. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Swanson, Paul L. 1989. Foundations of T'ien-T'ai Philosophy: The Flowering of The Two Truths Theory in Chinese Buddhism. Berkeley, Calif.: Asian Humanities Press.Google Scholar
Tanaka, Kenneth K. 1990. The Dawn of Chinese Pure Land Buddhist Doctrine: Ching-ying Hui-yüan's Commentary on the Visualization Sutra. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Tokuno, Kyoko. 1983. “A Case Study of Chinese Buddhist Apocrypha: The Hsiang-fa chüeh-i ching.” M.A. thesis, University of California at Berkeley.Google Scholar
Tsukamoto, Zenryû. 1985. A History of Early Chinese Buddhism: From Its Introduction to the Death of Hui-yüan. Trans. Hurvitz, Leon. Tokyo and New York: Kodansha International.Google Scholar
Tu, Wei-Ming. 1985. “Ch'an in China: A Reflective Interpretation.” In Brinker, H.Kramers, R. P. and Ouwehand, C., eds., Zen in China, Japan, and East Asian Art: Papers of the International Symposium on Zen, Zurich University, 16. –18.11.1982, pp. 9–27, Swiss Asian Studies, Research Studies, vol. 8. Berne, Switzerland: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Tu, Wei-Ming. 1987. “The Religious Situation in the People's Republic of China Today: A Personal Reflection.” in Whaling, Frank, ed., Religion in Today's World: The Religious Situation of the World from 1945 to the Present Day, ed. pp. 279–91. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark.Google Scholar
Wang, Yi-Tung, trans. 1984. Yang Hsüan-chih, A Record of Buddhist Monasteries in Lo-yang. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Watson, Burton, trans. 1993a. The Lotus Sutra. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Watson, Burton. 1993b. The Zen Teachings of Master Lin-chi. Boston and London: Shambala.Google Scholar
Marsha, Weidner, ed. 1994. Latter Days of the Law: Images of Chinese Buddhism, 850–1850. Lawrence, Kans.: Spencer Museum of Art.Google Scholar
Weinstein, Stanley. 1987. Buddhism under the T'ang. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Welch, Holmes. 1967. The Practice of Chinese Buddhism: 1910–1950. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Welch, Holmes. 1968. The Buddhist Revival in China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Welch, Holmes. 1972. Buddhism Under Mao. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Welter, Albert. 1992. The Meaning of Myriad Good Deeds: A Study of Yung-ming Yen-shou and the Wan-shan t'ung-kuei chi. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Wright, Arthur F. 1959. Buddhism in Chinese History. Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, Arthur F.. 1990. Somers, Robert M., ed., Studies in Chinese Buddhism. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Pei-Yi. 1990. The Confucian's Progress: Autobiographical Writings in Traditional China. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Yanagida, Seizan. 1972. “The Life of Lin-chi I-hsuan.” Eastern Buddhist n.s. 5, 2:70–94.Google Scholar
Yanagida, Seizan. 1983a. “The Development of the ‘Recorded Sayings’ Texts of the Chinese Ch'an School.” Trans, by McRae, John R.. In Lai, Whalen and Lancaster, Lewis, eds., Early Ch'an in China and Tibet, pp. 185–205, Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series, no. 5.Google Scholar
Yanagida, Seizan. 1983b. “The Li-tai fa-pao chi and the Ch'an Doctrine of Sudden Awakening.” Trans, by Bielefeldt, Carl. In Lai, Whalen and Lancaster, Lewis, eds., Early Ch'an in China and Tibet, pp. 13–49. Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series, no. 5. Berkeley, Calif: Asian Humanities Press.Google Scholar
Yu, Anthony C. 1989. “The quest of Brother Amor: Buddhist Intimations in The Story of the Stone.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 49:55–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yü, Chün-Fang. 1981. The Renewal of Buddhism in China: Chu-hung and the Late Ming Synthesis. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Yü, Chün-Fang. 1989. “Ch'an Education in the Sung: Ideals and Procedures.” In Bary, Wm. Theodore de and Chaffee, John W., eds., Neo-Confucian Education: The Formative Stage, 57–104. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yü, Chün-Fang. 1991. “Images of Kuan-yin in Chinese Folk Literature.” Chinese Studies 8, 1:221–85.Google Scholar
Yü, Chün-Fang. 1992. “P'u-t'o shan: Pilgrimage and the Creation of the Chinese Potalaka.” In Naquin, Susan and Yü, Chün-fang, eds., Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China, pp. 190–245. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zürcher, E. 1959. The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Zürcher, E.. 1977. “Late Han Vernacular Elements in the Earliest Buddhist Translations.” Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 12, 3:177–203.Google Scholar
Zürcher, E.. 1980. “Buddhist Influence on Early Taoism: A Survey of Scriptural Evidence.” T'oung Pao 66:84–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zürcher, E.. 1981. “Eschatology and Messianism in Early Chinese Buddhism.” In Idema, W. H. L., ed., Leyden Studies in Sinology pp. 34–56. Sinica Leidensia, 15. Leiden: E. J. Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zürcher, E.. 1982a. “Prince Moonlight: Messianism and Eschatology in Early Medieval Chinese Buddhism.” T'oung Pao 68, 1–3:1–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zürcher, E.. 1982b. “Perspectives in the Study of Chinese Buddhism,” Journal of The Royal Asiatic Society 1982:161–76.Google Scholar
Zürcher, E.. 1987. “Buddhism in China.” Encyclopedia of Religion. Mircea Eliade, Editor in Chief. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 2:414–421. Reprinted in Kitagawa, Joseph M. and Cummings, Mark D., eds., Buddhism and Asian History, pp. 134–49. New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1987.Google Scholar
Zürcher, E.. 1989. “Buddhism and Education in T'ang Times.” In Bary, W. Theodore de and Chaffee, John, eds., Neo-Confucian Education: The Formative Stage, pp. 19–56Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zürcher, E.. 1990. “Han Buddhism and the Western Region.” In Idema, W. L. and Zürcher, E., eds., Thought and Law in Qin and Han China: Studies Dedicated to Anthony Hulsewè on the Occasion of his Eightieth Birthday, pp. 158–82. Sinica Leidensia 24. New York: E. J. Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar