Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T20:36:33.628Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phosphorus and calcium metabolism in growing calves with special emphasis on phosphorus homoeostasis: 1. Studies of the effect of changes in the dietary phosphorus intake on phosphorus and calcium metabolism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

J. Challa  and
G. D. Braithwaite
J. Challa
Affiliation:
AFRC Institute for Grassland and Animal Production, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 5LR
G. D. Braithwaite
Affiliation:
AFRC Institute for Grassland and Animal Production, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 5LR
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Calves were fed continuously at 4 h intervals a low P basal diet with or without P supplementation to give three levels of dietary P intake: one was deficient in P (2·5 g/day), the second adequate (6·0 g/day) and the third contained an excess of P (10·0 g/ day) according to Agricultural Research Council (1980) recommendations. Once steadystate conditions were achieved (after 2–3 weeks on the diet) 32P and 46Ca kinetic studies were carried out, together with measurements of P flow rates at the reticulorumen and P and Ca balances. With increased dietary P intake, the amount of dietary P absorbed increased as initially did the efficiency of P absorption. Both the serum P concentration and the rate of P retention increased in direct relation to increased P intake and increased P absorption. Salivary secretion of P increased with increased P absorption and in direct relation to serum P concentration. Endogenous faecal losses of P were also directly related to P intake and P absorption and results suggest that increased loss with increased P intake is inevitable.

Despite a constant and adequate Ca intake, the rate and efficiency of Ca absorption, which was low on the low-P diet, increased significantly on the adequate and high-P diets. Similarly, Ca retention increased substantially on the higher P diets, showing that Ca metabolism can be controlled according to P status.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 110 , Issue 3 , June 1988 , pp. 573 - 581
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council (1965). The Nutrient Requirements of Farm Livestock. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Agricultural Research Council (1980). The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Aubert, J. P. & Milhaud, G. (1960). Méthode de mesur des principales voies du métabolisme calcique chez l'homme. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 39, 122–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, J. N. (1984). Exchanges of major minerals within the stomach region of ruminating calves with particular emphasis on phosphorus and magnesium. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, U.K.Google Scholar
Bertoni, G., Watson, M. J., Savage, G. P. & Armstrong, D. G. (1976). The movement of mineral in the digestive tract of dry and lactating Jersey cows. a. Net movements of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chloride. Zootechnology and Nutrition 2, 107–118.Google Scholar
Boxebeld, A., Gueguen, L., Hannequaut, G. & Durand, M. (1983). Utilization of phosphorus and calcium and minimal maintenance requirement for phosphorus in growing sheep fed a low-phosphorus diet. Reproduction Nutrition Développement 23, 1043–1053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braithwaite, G. D. (1980). The effect of dose rate of l-hydroxycholecalciferol on calciumand phosphorus metabolism in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 44, 183–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braithwaite, G. D. (1984). Some observations on phosphorus homoeostatis and requirements of sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 102, 295–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braithwaite, G. D. (1985). Endogenous faecal loss of phosphorus in growing lambs and the calculation of phosphorus requirements. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 105, 67–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braithwaite, G. D. &Glascock, R. F. (1976). Metabolism of calcium in the sheep. Biennial Review of the National Institute for Research in Dairying, 43–59.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, G. D., Glascock, R. F. & Riazuddin, S. H. (1969). Calcium metabolism in lactating ewes. British Journal of Nutrition 23, 827–834.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christian, K. R. & Coup, M. R. (1954). Measurement of feed intake by grazing cattle and sheep. 6. The determination of chromic oxide in faeces. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology A36, 328–330.Google Scholar
Clark, R. C., Budtz-Olsen, O. E., Cross, R. B., Finnamore, P. & Bauert, P. A. (1973). The importance of the salivary glands in the maintenance of phosphorus homeostasis in the sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 24, 913–919.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durand, M., Bertier, B., Hannequart, G. & Gueguen, L. (1982). Influence d'une subcarence en phosphore et d'un exces de calcium alimentaire sur la phosphatemie et les teneurs en phosphore et calcium des contenus de rumen de mouton. Reproduction Nutrition Développement 22, 865–879.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, A. C. (1981). Some thoughts on dietary requirements of macro-elements for ruminants. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 40, 267–278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Field, A. C., Coop, R. L., Dingwall, R. A. & Munro, C. S. (1982). The phosphorus requirements for growth and maintenance of sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 99, 311–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, A. C., Suttle, N. F. & Nisbet, D. I. (1975). Effects of diets low in calcium and phosphorus on the development of growing lambs. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 85, 435–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, A. C., Woolliams, J. A. & Dingwall, R. A. (1985). The effect of dietary intake of calcium and dry matter on the absorption and excretion of calcium and phosphorus by growing lambs. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 105, 237–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, A. C., Woolliams, J. A., Dingwall, R. A. & Munro, C. S. (1984). Animal and dietary variation in the absorption and metabolism of phosphorus by sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 103, 283–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fiske, C. H. & Subbarow, Y. (1925). The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. Journal of Biological Chemistry 66, 375–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grace, N. D. (1980). Effect of increasing phosphorus intake on the P faecal endogenous loss in the sheep. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 40, 221–225.Google Scholar
Gueguen, L., Foret, R. & Durand, M. (1976). Utilization of mono-ammonium phosphate by sheep. 1. Comparative utilization of P and effect on calcium and magnesium metabolism. Annales de Zootechnie 25, 111–118.Google Scholar
Holzscuh, W., Dittrich, A. & Legel, S. (1971). Latent deficiency of phosphorus in the nutrition of growing ruminants. 1. Effect of supply of P on the growth of ruminants. Jahrbuch Tierern Shrung Futterrung 1969/70, 7, 110–118. [Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews (1971) 41, Abstract No. 4404.]Google Scholar
Irving, J. T. (1964). Dynamics and functions of phosphorus. In Mineral Metabolism, vol. 2. part A (ed. Comar, C. L. and Bronner, C. F.), pp. 249–313. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Little, D. A. (1968). Effect of dietary phosphate on the voluntary consumption of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis) by cattle. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 1, 376.Google Scholar
Manston, R. (1966). The effects of large doses of vitamin A on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the cow. British Veterinary Journal 122, 443–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nel, J. W. & Moir, R. J. (1974). The effect of ruminal and duodenal application of different levels of calcium and phosphorus to sheep on semi-purified diets. South African Journal of Animal Science 4, 1–20.Google Scholar
Perge, V. P., Hardebeck, H., Sommer, H. & Pfeffer, E. (1982). Untersuchungen zur beeinflussung der Calcium und Phosphorgehalt in Blutserum und Speichel von Hammeln durch die Versorgung. Zeitschrift für Tierphysiologie, Tierernährung und Futtermittelkunde 48, 113–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, R. L. & Pfander, W. H. (1964). Phosphorus metabolism in lambs fed varying phosphorus intakes. Journal of Nutrition 83, 369–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sato, H., Kato, S. & Tsuda, T. (1976). Effect of hay to concentrate ratio on the parotid secretion and its sodium, potassium and phosphorus levels in sheep. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 38, 347–352.Google ScholarPubMed
Scott, D. & Beastall, G. (1978). The effects of intravenous phosphate loading on Salivary phosphate secretion and plasma parathyroid hormone levels in the sheep. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 63, 147–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, D. & McLean, A. F. (1981). Control of mineral absorption in ruminants. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 40, 257–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, D., McLean, A. F. & Buchan, W. (1984 a). The effect of variation in phosphorus intake on net intestinal phosphorus absorption, salivary phosphorus secretion and pathway of excretion in sheep fed roughage diets. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 69, 439–452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, D., McLean, A. F. & Buchan, W. (1984 b). The effect of intravenous phosphate loading on salivary phosphorus secretion, net intestinal phosphorus absorption and pathway of excretion in sheep fed roughage diets. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 69, 453–461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, D., Whitelaw, F. G., Buchan, W. & Bruce, L. A. (1985). The effect of variation in phosphorus secretion on net intestinal phosphorus absorption and faecal endogenous phosphorus excretion in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 105, 271–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sevilla, C. C. & Ternouth, J. (1980). Effect of different dietary levels of calcium and phosphorus in sheep. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 13, 449.Google Scholar
Smith, R. H. (1958). Substances in the calf alimentary tract interfering with the determination of polyethylene glycol. Nature, London 182, 260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snedecor, G. W. & Cochran, W. G. (1967). Statistical Methods, 6th edn. Iowa: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Tillman, A. D., Brethour, J. R. & Hansard, S. L. (1959). Comparative procedures for measuring the P requirement for cattle. Journal of Animal Science 18, 249–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomas, F. M. (1973). Parotid salivary secretion in sheep: its measurement and influence on phosphorus in rumen fluid. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 58, 131–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vipperman, P. E. Jun., Preston, R. L., Kitner, I. D. & Pfander, W. H. (1969). Role of calcium in the nutritional aetiology of a metabolic disorder in ruminants fed a high grain ration. Journal of Nutrition 97, 449–462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willis, J. B. (1960). The determination of metals in blood serum by atomic absorption spectroscopy. I. Calcium. Spectrochimica Acta 16, 273–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, J. B. (1961). Determination of calcium and magnesium in urine by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry 33, 556–559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wise, M. B., Ordoveza, A. L. & Barrick, E. R. (1963). Influence of variation in dietary calcium: phosphorus ratio in performance and blood constituents of calves. Journal of Nutrition 79, 79–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, V. R., Lofgreen, G. P. & Luick, J. R. (1966). The effects of phosphorus depletion, and of calcium and phosphorus intake, on the endogenous excretion of these elements by sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 20, 795–805.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed