Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T01:29:04.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Muscle growth and development in the indigenous Nigerian pigs as influenced by age, sex and body weight

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

A. I. Essien  and
B. L. Fetuga
A. I. Essien
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
B. L. Fetuga
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Muscle growth was studied for 64 female, 64 castrated male and 64 intact male indigenous Nigerian pigs at 16 ages between birth and 672 days of age. Highly significant (P < 0·001) age differences were obtained for the proportion of total muscle, each muscle group and the 13 individually dissected (seven hind limb, two spinal column and four fore limb) muscles. Sex differences were significant (P < 0·05) for the proportion of total muscle and some of the individually dissected muscles.

A highly significant (P < 0·01) increase in the rate of muscle deposition for each muscle group occurred between 56 and 112 days. Muscle deposition continued at the same rate up till 224 days of age before the peak was attained between 280 and 392 days when the average body weight was between 40·8 and 61·2 kg. A continuously significant (P < 0·05) decline in the rate of muscle deposition was obtained beyond 392 days of age. Growth coefficients b calculated from the linearly transformed allometric equation Y = aXb were generally higher in the early phase of growth (0–168 days) than in later phases considered. However, growth coefficients obtained for the whole period revealed that apart from M. gastrocnemius, the other hind limb and spinal column muscles exhibited either ‘high’ or ‘average’ growth impetus. The fore limb muscles had growth coefficients significantly (P < 0·05) less than 1·00 and were therefore classified as having ‘low’ growth impetus. Generally, the intact male pigs showed superiority to the female and castrated male pigs in muscle growth and development.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 110 , Issue 3 , June 1988 , pp. 619 - 625
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agiano, E. A. & Egbunike, G. N. (1986). Postpubertal changes in the histomorphometric characteristics of the oviduct of the indigenous West African pig. Zitchthygiene 21, 121–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balogun, O. O., Fetuga, B. L. & Oyenuga, V. A. (1982). Response of the muscles of growing pigs to dietary lysine levels. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 33, 1177–1184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butterfield, R. M. & Berg, R. T. (1966). A classification of bovine muscles based on their relative growth patterns. Research in Veterinary Science 7, 326–332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butterfield, R. M., Zamora, J., James, A. M., Thompson, J. M. & Williams, J. (1983). Changes in body composition relative to weight and maturity in large and small strains of Australian Merino rams. 2. Individual muscles and muscle groups. Animal Production 36, 165–174.Google Scholar
Cameron, C. W. & Ashton, G. C. (1969). The Local Black and Large White breeds of pigs for meat production in Ghana. Legon Journal of Agriculture 2, 19–23.Google Scholar
Carden, A. E. & Goenaga, P. R. (1977). Effect of restrictions of energy, protein or both on growth and body composition. Dietary restrictions and body composition of pigs. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 89, 687–698.Google Scholar
Chiboka, O. (1981). The effect of age at first mating on litter characteristics in the native Nigerian pig. Livestock Production Science 8, 155–159.Google Scholar
Clausen, H. (1953). Improvement of Pigs, 24 pp. The George Scott Robertson Memorial Lecture, The Queen's University of Belfast.Google Scholar
Cole, D. J. A., White, M. R., Hardy, B. & Carr, J. R. (1976). Tissue growth in the pig. Animal Production 22, 341–350.Google Scholar
Cuthbertson, A. & Pomeroy, R. W. (1962). Qualitative anatomical studies of the composition of the pig at 50, 68, and 92 kg carcass weight. II. Gross composition and skeletal composition. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 59, 207–218.Google Scholar
Davies, A. S. (1974). Comparison of tissue development in Pietrain and Large White pigs from birth to 64 kg live weight. 2. Growth changes in muscle distribution. Animal Production 19, 377–387.Google Scholar
Davies, A. S., Pearson, G. & Carr, J. R. (1980). The carcass composition of male, castrated male and female pigs resulting from two levels of feeding. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 95, 251–259.Google Scholar
Davies, A. S. & Pryor, W. J. (1977). Growth changes in the distribution of dissectable and intramuscular fat in pigs. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 89, 257–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Alba, J. (1972). Productivity of native and exotic pig breeds in Latin America. World Animal Review 4, 25–28.Google Scholar
Doornenbal, H. (1971). Growth development and chemical composition of the pig. 1. Lean tissue and protein. Growth 35, 281–295.Google Scholar
Elson, C. E., Kline, E. A., Fuller, W. A. & Hazel, L. N. (1961). Effect of age on the growth of porcine muscle. Journal of Animal Science 20, 946–952.Google Scholar
Endeley, H. N. L. (1979). Reproductive performance and growth studies on intensively managed indigenous Nigerian pigs from birth to 36 weeks. Ph.D. thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Evans, D. G. & Kempster, A. J. (1979). The effects of genotype, sex, and feeding regimen on pig carcass development. 1. Primary components, tissues and joints. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 93, 339–347.Google Scholar
Ezekwe, M. O. & Martin, R. J. (1975). Cellular characteristics of skeletal muscle in selected strains of pigs and mice and the unselected controls. Growth 39, 95–106.Google Scholar
Fetuga, B. L., Babatunde, G. M., Olabisi, E. O. & Oyenuga, V. A. (1977). Comparative responses of Large White × Landrace and the indigenous Nigerian and imported European pigs to diets of varying protein concentration. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 4, 181–204.Google Scholar
Fetuga, B. L., Babatunde, G. M. & Oyenuga, V. A. (1976). Comparative physical characteristics in the indigenous Nigerian and imported European pigs. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 3, 74–87.Google Scholar
Field, R. A. (1971). Effect of castration on meat quality and quantity. Journal of Animal Science 32, 849–858.Google Scholar
Field, R. A., Young, O. A., Asher, G. W. & Foote, D. M. (1985). Characteristics of male fallow deer muscle at a time of sex-related muscle growth. Growth 49, 190–201.Google Scholar
Fortin, A. (1982). Carcass composition of Yorkshire barrows and gilts slaughtered between 85 and 112 kg body weight. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 62, 69–76.Google Scholar
Fourie, P. D., Kirton, A. H. & Jury, K. E. (1970). Growth and development of sheep. II. Effect of breed and sex on the growth and carcass composition of the Southdown and Romney and their cross. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 13, 753–770.Google Scholar
Goenaga, P. R. & Carden, A. E. (1979). A comparison of tissue weight in Landrace, Hampshire and Duroc Jersey. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 93, 271–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harbison, S. A., Goll, D. E., Parrish, F. C., Wang, V. & Kline, E. A. (1976). Muscle growth in two genetically different lines of swine. Growth 40, 253–283.Google Scholar
Hegarty, P. V., Gundlach, L. C. & Allen, C. E. (1973). Comparative growth of porcine muscles using an indirect prediction of muscle fibre number. Growth 37, 333–344.Google Scholar
Hiner, R. L. & Bond, J. (1971). Growth of muscle and fat in beef steers from 6 to 36 months of age. Journal of Animal Science 32, 225–232.Google Scholar
Huxley, J. S. (1932). Problems of Relative Growth. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Ilori, J. O., Adegbola, A. A., Adeyanju, S. A. & Omole, T. A. (1975). Effect of protein level on reproductive performance of pigs under tropical conditions. Malaysian Agricultural Research 4, 193–197.Google Scholar
Kleeman, G., Sabogal, R., Gomez, G. & Weniger, J. W. (1981). Performance traits and physiological parameters of Zungo and Duroc pigs and their crosses in a tropical environment (Colombia). Animal Research and Development 13, 40–67.Google Scholar
Knudson, B. K., Hogberg, M. G., Merkel, R. A., Allen, R. E. & Magee, W. T. (1985). Development comparisons of boars and barrows. 1. Growth rate, carcass and muscle characteristics. Journal of Animal Science 61, 789–796.Google Scholar
Lohse, C. L. (1973). The influence of sex on muscle growth in Merino sheep. Growth 37, 177–187.Google Scholar
Lohse, C. L., Moss, F. P. & Butterfield, R. M. (1971). Growth patterns of muscles of Merino sheep from birth to 517 days. Animal Production 13, 117–126.Google Scholar
Luff, A. R. & Goldspink, G. (1967). Large and small muscles. Life Sciences 6, 1821–1826.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. H. D. & Lamming, G. E. (1964). The effects of castration on meat production in cattle, sheep and pigs. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 63, 341–357.Google Scholar
Prescott, J. H. D. & Lamming, G. E. (1967). The influence of castration on the growth of male pigs in relation to high levels of dietary protein. Animal Production 9, 535–540.Google Scholar
Richmond, R. J. & Berg, R. T. (1971). Muscle growth and distribution in swine as influenced by live weight, breed and sex. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 51, 41–49.Google Scholar
Rigor, E. M. & Kroeske, D. (1972). Indigenous and exotic pig breeds in the tropics. World Animal Review 4, 20–24.Google Scholar
Rowe, R. W. D. (1968). Effect of castration on muscle growth in the mouse. Journal of Experimental Zoology 169, 59–64.Google Scholar
Somade, B. (1985). The influence of season parity and duration of lactation on some performance traits of sows indigenous to Nigeria. Beiträge zur tropischen Landwirtschaft veterinärmedizin 23, 81–87.Google Scholar
Somade, B. (1987). Growth and sexual development of indigenous West African boars. Beiträge zur tropischen Landwirtschaft veterinärmedizin 25, 103–109.Google Scholar
Steel, R. G. D. & Torrie, J. H. (1960). Principles and Procedures of Statistics. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Taylor, St. C. S., Mason, M. A. & McClelland, T. H. (1980). Breed and sex differences in muscle distribution of equally mature sheep. Animal Production 30, 125–133.Google Scholar
Vohradsky, F. (1968). The productivity of Large White and Local Black sows in pure breeding and reciprocal crossing. Legon Journal of Agriculture 2, 1–6.Google Scholar
Wyn, P. C. & Thwaites, C. J. (1981). The relative growth and development of the carcass tissues of Merino and crossbred rams and wethers. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 32, 957–963.Google Scholar