Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-cjp7w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-20T01:56:23.788Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of isovalerate supplementation on growth performance and ruminal fermentation in pre- and post-weaning dairy calves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

Q. LIU ,
C. WANG ,
Y. L. ZHANG ,
C. X. PEI ,
S. L. ZHANG ,
Y. X. WANG ,
Z. W. ZHANG ,
W. Z. YANG ,
H. WANG  and
G. GUO
...Show all authors
Q. LIU*
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
C. WANG
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
Y. L. ZHANG
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
C. X. PEI
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
S. L. ZHANG
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
Y. X. WANG
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
Z. W. ZHANG
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
W. Z. YANG
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, P. O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
H. WANG
Affiliation:
Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Yuci County, Shanxi Province, Yuci, 030600, P.R. China
G. GUO
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
W. J. HUO
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: liuqiangabc@163.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of isovalerate supplementation on growth performance and ruminal fermentation in pre- and post-weaning dairy calves. Forty-eight Chinese Holstein male calves at 15 days of age and 45·1 ± 0·36 kg body weight (BW) were assigned randomly to four groups. The treatments were: control, low-isovalerate, moderate-isovalerate (MIV) and high-isovalerate (HIV) with 0, 3, 6 and 9 g isovalerate per calf per day, respectively. Isovalerate was hand-mixed into milk in pre-weaning calves and the concentrate portion in post-weaning calves. The study lasted 75 days, including a 15-day adaptation period followed by a 60-day sampling period. Weaning was conducted when calves were 60 days old. Six calves were chosen from each treatment at random and slaughtered at 30 and 90 days of age. Average daily weight gain increased linearly whether during pre-weaning or post-weaning period with increasing isovalerate supplementation. Dry matter intake linearly increased at 90 days of age with increasing isovalerate supplementation. During weaning, ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen (N) decreased linearly, whereas total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration increased linearly with increasing isovalerate supplementation. The ratio of acetate to propionate increased linearly with increasing isovalerate supplementation due to increased acetate concentration and the unchanged propionate concentration. Activities of caboxymethyl-cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase and pectinase linearly increased at 90 days of age, α-amylase and β-amylase activities linearly increased at 30 and 90 days of age. Relative quantities of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens increased linearly with increasing isovalerate supplementation. Ruminal fermentation, enzyme activities and cellulolytic bacteria were higher for HIV and MIV than for the control. The present results indicate that isovalerate accelerated growth of calves by improving ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activities and cellulolytic bacteria growth during weaning. In the experimental conditions of the current trial, the optimum isovalerate dose was about 6·0 g isovalerate per calf per day.

Type
Animal Research Papers
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 154 , Issue 8 , November 2016 , pp. 1499 - 1508
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agarwal, N., Kamra, D. N., Chaudhary, L. C., Agarwal, I., Sahoo, A. & Pathak, N. N. (2002). Microbial status and rumen enzyme profile of crossbred calves fed on different microbial feed additives. Letters in Applied Microbiology 34, 329–336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, M. S. (2000). Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 1598–1624.Google Scholar
AOAC (1990). Official Methods of Analysis, 14th edn. Arlington, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc.Google Scholar
AOAC (1997). Official Methods of Analysis, 16th edn. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Google Scholar
Bannink, A., France, J., Lopez, S., Gerrits, W. J. J., Kebreab, E., Tamminga, S. & Dijkstra, J. (2008). Modelling the implications of feeding strategy on rumen fermentation and functioning of the rumen wall. Animal Feed Science and Technology 143, 3–26.Google Scholar
Brondani, A., Towns, R., Chou, K., Cook, R. M. & Barradas, H. (1991). Effects of isoacids, urea, and sulfur on ruminal fermentation in sheep fed high fiber diets. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 2724–2727.Google Scholar
Cummins, K. A. & Papas, A. H. (1985). Effect of isocarbon 4 and isocarbon 5 volatile fatty acids on microbial protein synthesis and dry matter digestibility in vitro . Journal of Dairy Science 68, 2588–2595.Google Scholar
Denman, S. E. & McSweeney, C. S. (2006). Development of a real-time PCR assay for monitoring anaerobic fungal and cellulolytic bacterial populations within the rumen. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 58, 572–582.Google Scholar
Forster, R. J., Teather, R. M., Gong, J. & Deng, S. J. (1996). 16s rDNA analysis of Bufyrivibrio fibrisolvens: phylogenetic position and relation to butyrate-producing anaerobic bacteria from the rumen of white-tailed deer. Letters in Applied Microbiology 23, 218–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Górka, P., Kowalski, Z. M., Pietrzak, P., Kotunia, A., Jagusiak, W., Holst, J. J., Guilloteau, P. & Zabielski, R. (2011). Effect of method of delivery of sodium butyrate on rumen development in newborn calves. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 5578–5588.Google Scholar
Koike, S. & Kobayashi, Y. (2001). Development and use of competitive PCR assays for the rumen cellulolytic bacteria: Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus favefaciens . FEMS Microbiology Letters 204, 361–366.Google Scholar
Kone, P., Machado, P. F. & Cook, R. M. (1989). Effect of the combination of monensin and isoacids on rumen fermentation in vitro . Journal of Dairy Science 72, 2767–2771.Google Scholar
Lane, M. A., Baldwin, R. L. & Jesse, B. W. (2000). Sheep rumen metabolic development in response to age and dietary treatments. Journal of Animal Science 78, 1990–1996.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, Q., Wang, C., Huang, Y. X., Dong, K. H., Yang, W. Z. & Wang, H. (2008). Effects of isobutyrate on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and digestibility in steers. Archives of Animal Nutrition 62, 377–388.Google Scholar
Liu, Q., Wang, C., Huang, Y. X., Dong, K. H., Yang, W. Z., Zhang, S. L. & Wang, H. (2009 a). Effects of isovalerate on ruminal fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and digestibility in steers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 93, 716–725.Google Scholar
Liu, Q., Wang, C., Yang, W. Z., Zhang, B., Yang, X. M., He, D. C., Dong, K. H. & Huang, Y. X. (2009 b). Effects of isobutyrate on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 154, 58–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Q., Wang, C., Pei, C. X., Li, H. Y., Wang, Y. X., Zhang, S. L., Zhang, Y. L., He, J. P., Wang, H., Yang, W. Z., Bai, Y. S., Shi, Z. G. & Liu, X. N. (2014). Effects of isovalerate supplementation on microbial status and rumen enzyme profile in steers fed on corn stover based diet. Livestock Science 161, 60–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martens, H., Rabbani, I., Shen, Z., Stumpff, F. & Deiner, D. (2012). Changes in rumen absorption processes during transition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 172, 95–102.Google Scholar
Michelland, R. J., Combes, S., Monteils, V., Cauquil, L., Gidenne, T. & Fortun-Lamothe, L. (2011). Rapid adaptation of the bacterial community in the growing rabbit caecum after a change in dietary fibre supply. Animal 5, 1761–1768.Google Scholar
Mir, P. S., Mir, Z. & Robertson, J. A. (1986). Effect of branched chain amino acids or fatty acid supplementation on in vitro digestibility of barley straw or alfalfa hay. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, 151–156.Google Scholar
Misra, A. K. & Thakur, S. S. (2001). Effect of dietary supplementation of sodium salt of isobutyric acid on ruminal fermentation and nutrient utilization in a wheat straw based low protein diet fed to crossbred cattle. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 14, 479–484.Google Scholar
Moharrery, A. (2003). Incorporation of isoacids, oil, NPN and protein in the ration of sheep and their effects on protease and amylase in the rumen fluid. Emirates Journal of Agricultural Sciences 15, 76–83.Google Scholar
Moharrery, A. & Das, T. K. (2001). Correlation between microbial enzyme activities in the rumen fluid of sheep under different treatments. Reproduction Nutrition Development 41, 513–529.Google Scholar
NRC (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th rev. edn. Chapter 10: Nutrient requirements of young calf, pp. 214–233. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Piva, G., Masoero, F. & Curto, O. (1988). The effect of isoacids on ruminal fermentation: in vitro trials. Reproduction Nutrition Development 28, 163–164.Google Scholar
Plöger, S., Stumpff, F., Penner, G. B., Schulzke, J. D., Gäbel, G., Martens, H., Shen, Z., Günzel, D. & Aschenbach, J. R. (2012). Microbial butyrate and its role for barrier function in the gastrointestinal tract. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1258, 52–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quispe, M. E., Barradas, H. & Cook, R. M. (1991). Effects of isoacids, urea and sulfur on ruminal fermentation in sheep fed pineapple tops. Small Ruminant Research 6, 49–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, J. B., O'Connor, J. D., Fox, D. G., Van Soest, P. J. & Sniffen, C. J. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation. Journal of Animal Science 70, 3551–3561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute (2002). User's Guide: Statistics, Version 9 Edition. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.Google Scholar
Val Neto, E. R., Lana, R. P., Val, H. N., Leão, M. I. & Mâncio, A. B. (2010). Evaluation of performance of lactating dairy cows supplemented with branched chain volatile fatty acids (Nutricattle). Journal of Dairy Science 93, 439. (abstract).Google Scholar
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Wanapat, M. & Cherdthong, A. (2009). Use of real-time PCR technique in studying rumen cellulolytic bacteria population as affected by level of roughage in swamp buffalo. Current Microbiology 58, 294–299.Google Scholar
Wang, C., Liu, Q., Pei, C. X., Li, H. Y., Wang, Y. X., Wang, H., Bai, Y. S., Shi, Z. G., Liu, X. N. & Li, P. (2012). Effects of 2-methylbutyrate on rumen fermentation, ruminal enzyme activities, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and feed digestibility in steers. Livestock Science 145, 160–166.Google Scholar
Yang, C. M. J. (2002). Response of forage fiber degradation by ruminal microorganisms to branched-chain volatile fatty acids, amino acids, and dipeptides. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 1183–1190.Google Scholar
Yu, Z. & Morrison, M. (2004). Improved extraction of PCR-quality community DNA from digesta and fecal samples. BioTechniques 36, 808–812.Google Scholar