Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-txr5j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-17T12:02:10.120Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of protein concentration in the diet on blood composition and productivity of lactating Holstein cows under thermal stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

A. Hassan  and
J. D. Roussel
A. Hassan
Affiliation:
Department of Dairy Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.
J. D. Roussel
Affiliation:
Department of Dairy Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

An experiment was designed to assess the effect of thermal stress and protein value of the diet on the productivity and some of the blood organic constituents of lactating Holstein cows. Two groups of eight animals each were used in 2 × 2 Latin-square designs with two experimental diets. The percentage of crude protein in the diets was 14.3 and 20.8 %.

Rectal temperature and respiration rate were recorded twice weekly and jugular blood samples were collected at weekly intervals for analysis. Daily feed intake, refusals and milk production per cow were recorded. Representative samples of morning and afternoon milk were taken three times a week for chemical analysis.

Data on respiration rate and rectal temperature suggested that both groups of animals were under thermal stress. However, significantly lower values were found by increasing the protein level of the diet. The higher level of protein significantly increased total milk production, 4 % fat-corrected milk (4 % FCM), total solids, solidsnot-fat, protein percentage and yield, casein and non-protein-nitrogen in milk. The increase in milk production and 4 % FCM was found to be associated with the increase in total feed and total-digestible-nutrients intake but not with crude-protein intake. Protein levels in the diet had no effect on fat percentage and yield nor on whey protein.

The correlation coefficients between respiration rate and rectal temperature with some of the blood organic constituents suggested an inverse relation between thermal stress and the blood organic constituents. The higher level of protein in the diet significantly increased haemoglobin levels but had no effect on oxyhaemoglobin, haemoglobin:oxyhaemoglobin ratio and haematocrit value. Total serum protein was not affected by thermal stress or by the protein value of the diet. Increasing protein levels in the diet increased albumin but decreased the globulin fraction of serum protein. Plasma glucose and non-protein nitrogen were increased by increasing the protein in the diet.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 85 , Issue 3 , December 1975 , pp. 409 - 415
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Askonase, B. A., Campbell, P. M. & Work, T. S. (1954). The biosynthesis of protein. 2. Synthesis of milk proteins by goat. Biochemical Journal 85, 326–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appleman, B. D. & Delouche, J. C. (1958). Behavioral physiological and biochemical responses of goats to temperature 0 to 40 °C. Journal of Animal Science 17, 326–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. (1960). Official Methods of Analysis, 9th ed.Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Blincoe, C. & Brody, S. (1951). Environmental physiology and shelter engineering. XVII. The influence of temperature on blood composition of cattle. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 488.Google Scholar
Brody, S. (1949). Influence of ambient temperature, 50 to 100 °F on the blood composition of Jersey and Holstein cows. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin. 433.Google Scholar
Brody, S., Dale, E. H. & Stewart, E. R. (1955). Environmental physiology and shelter engineering. XXXVI. Interrelations between temperatures of rumen (at various depths), rectum, blood, and environmental air, and the effect of an antipyretic, feed and water consumption. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 593.Google Scholar
Bullock, F. N. (1954). In Techniques in Clinical Chemistry, pp. 48–9. Baltimore, Md.: Williams and Wilkins Co.Google Scholar
Campbell, P. N. & Work, T. S. (1952). The biosynthesis of protein. 1. Uptake of glycine, serine, valine and lysine by the mammary gland of the rabbit. Biochemical Journal 52, 217–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collier, H. B. (1955). Use of sequestering agent in determination of oxyhaemoglobin. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 25, 221–22.Google Scholar
Dale, H. E., Burge, J. G. & Brody, S. (1956). Environmental physiology and shelter engineering. XXXXIV. Environment temperature and blood volume. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 608.Google Scholar
Ellis, W. C., Garner, G. B., Muhrer, M. E. & Pfander, W. H. (1956). Nitrogen utilization by lambs fed purified rations containing urea, gelatin, casein, blood fibrin, and soybean protein. Journal of Nutrition 60, 413–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enlow, C. M., Vanhorn, H. H., Hemken, R. W. & Jacobson, D. R. (1971). Effect of protein and energy concentration during early lactation on the performance of lactating dairy cows. (Abst.). Journal of Dairy Science 52, 782.Google Scholar
Gorbelik, R. V. (1956). The problem of protein and its fractions, and urea contents in sheep blood under reduced protein intake. Trud' Saratovskogo Zootekhnicheskogo Veterinarnogo Instituta 6, 172–5. (Cf. Biological Abstract (1959) 33, 2085.)Google Scholar
Hilliger, H. G. (1970). Response of milk yield to a hot midsummer period. Tierzüchter 22, 497–8. (Cf. Dairy Science Abstract (1970) 32, 753.)Google Scholar
Hodgson, R. E., Riddell, W. H. & Hughes, N. G. (1932). Factors influencing the blood sugar level of dairy cattle. Journal of Agricultural Research 44, 357–67.Google Scholar
Ipsen, E. J. (1970). The effect of various protein levels in concentrate used as a supplement to pasture feeding under tropical conditions. XVIIIth International Dairy Congress. IE: 535.Google Scholar
Johanson, H. D., Kilber, H. H., Berry, I. L., Wayman, O. & Marilan, C. P. (1966). Environmental physiology and shelter engineering. LXX. Temperature and controlled feeding effects of lactation and related physiological reactions of cattle. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 902.Google Scholar
Kamal, I. M., Johnson, H. D. & Ragsdale, A. C. (1962). Environmental physiology and shelter engineering. LVIII. Metabolic reactions during thermal stress (35 to 95 °F) in dairy animals acclimated at 50 and 80 °F. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 785.Google Scholar
Melchior, C. C. & Bateman, J. V. (1959). Effect of ration fibre upon respiration rate and rectal temperature. (Abst.) Journal of Dairy Science 42, 1743.Google Scholar
Maust, L. R. & McDowell, R. E. (1971). Effect of summer condition on feed intake and milk yield of Holstein cows. (Abst.) Journal of Dairy Science 54, 793.Google Scholar
McDowell, R. E., Moody, E. A., Van Soest, P. J., Lehmann, R. P. & Ford, A. L. (1969). Effect of heat stress on energy and water utilization of lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 52, 188–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mudgal, V. D. & Lai, G. M. M. (1970). Effect of feeding different level of energy and protein on the yield and composition of milk of Tharparker cows. XVIIIth International Dairy Congress. IE. 534.Google Scholar
Patterson, T. B., Shrode, R. R., Kunkel, H. O., Leighton, R. E. & Rupel, I. W. (1960). Variation in certain blood components of Holstein and Jersey Cows and their relationship to daily range in rectal temperature and to milk and butterfat production. Journal of Dairy Science 43, 1263–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peteva, Z. & Dardzhoner, T. (1966). Protein standard for dairy cows. II. Zhivoth. Nonki, Sof. 3, 863–75. (Cf. Dairy Science Abstract (1970) 33, 274.)Google Scholar
Prewitt, L. R., Kertz, A. F., Lane, A. G., Campbell, J. R. & Weinman, D. E. (1971). Effect of dietary protein on blood, urine, and milk composition. American Journal of Veterinary Research 32, 393–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Reinhold, J. G. (1953). In Standard Methods of Clinical Chemistry, vol. 1. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Rick, R. F. & Lee, D. H. K. (1948). Reactions to hot atmospheres of Jersey cows in milk. Journal of Dairy Research 15, 219–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roussel, J. D., Lee, J. A., Beatty, J. F. & Gholson, J. H. (1969). Effect of thermal stress on somatic cell counts, milk constituents and blood cells. (Abst.) Journal of Dairy Science 52, 562–3.Google Scholar
Roussel, J. D., Patrick, T. E., Kellgren, H. C., Beatty, J. F., Cousar, A. & Lee, J. A. (1970). Temperature effect on blood cells, enzymes and protein activity of beef bulls. (Abst.) Journal of Animal Science 30, 327.Google Scholar
Rowland, S. J. (1938). The determination of nitrogen distribution in milk. Journal of Dairy Research 9, 42–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rusoff, L. L., Frye, J. B. Jr, & Scott, G. W. (1951). Blood studies of red sindhi–Jersey crosses. 1. Haemoglobin, haematocrit, plasma calcium and plasma inorganic phosphorus values of red sindhi-Jersey daughters and their dams. Journal of Dairy Science 34, 1145–50.Google Scholar
Schelling, G. T. (1968). Amino acid nutrition in the ruminant. Ph.D. dissertation, Urbana, University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Smith, V. P. (1959). In Physiology of Lactation, 5th ed.Iowa, Ames: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. (1957). In Statistical Methods. Iowa, Ames: The Iowa State College Press.Google Scholar
Srivastava, R. K. (1965). Some genetic and environmental aspects of blood proteins in dairy cattle. Ph.D. dissertation, Louisiana State University.Google Scholar
Vilela, H. (1968). Effect of protein level of concentrate ration on milk yield of cows on pasture. Args. Esc. Vet. Minos Gerais. 20, 111–31.(Cf. Dairy Science Abstract (1970) 33, 739.)Google Scholar