Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-l82ql Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-29T07:59:13.274Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Crop yields from lucerne (Medicago sativa) cultivars displaying gradations in resistance to wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

G. R. Dixon ,
C. D. Kershaw  and
E. A. Hunter
G. R. Dixon
Affiliation:
Horticulture Department, West of Scotland College, University of Strathclyde, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW
C. D. Kershaw
Affiliation:
AFRC Unit of Statistics, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ
E. A. Hunter
Affiliation:
Scottish Agricultural Statistics Service, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Yields from lucerne cultivars grown on land infested with Verticillium albo-atrum, a cause of wilt disease, were studied over the period 1969–77. Field experiments established in 1969, 1971, 1972 and 1973 were maintained for periods of 4–6 years. Reactions by cvs Europe and Vertus were of principal interest. Europe is considered to be moderately susceptible, initially producing yields exceeding those of resistant types on uninfested land. In comparison cv. Vertus has considerable resistance derived from a polygenic system. In the first 2 cropping years on infested land, Europe yielded similarly to Vertus with only slight symptom expression. In year 3, Europe maintained comparable yields to Vertus but with increasing disease expression. During succeeding years Europe was badly affected by discase and yields were below those achieved by Vertus. Data from other cultivars indicated a positive correlation between symptoms in years 4 and 5, a negative correlation between dry-matter yield in year 5 and symptom severity in year 4, and a negative correlation between symptom severity and yield in year 5. Symptom expression and pathogen build-up appear to occur at similar rates in the latter years of a lucerne crop. Disease development in one season has a considerable effect on future productivity. These findings are discussed in terms of the primary (extra-vascular) and secondary (intra-vascular) determinants of resistance to wilt pathogens. It is suggested that the apparent moderate susceptibility of cv. Europe in seasons two and three relates to a rapid growth rate.

Type
Review
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 112 , Issue 3 , June 1989 , pp. 387 - 394
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anon. (1971–1986). Recommended Varieties of Grasses and Herbage Legumes. Farmers Leaflet No. 4. Cambridge: National Institute of Agricultural Botany.Google Scholar
Anon. (1973). A Guide to the Use of Terms in Plant Pathology. Phytopathological Paper No. 17. Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.Google Scholar
Anon. (1979). Sampling of Soil, Soil-less growing Media, Crop Plants and Miscellaneous Substances for Chemical Analysis. Booklet 2082, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London.Google Scholar
Beckman, C. H. & Talboys, P. W. (1981). Anatomy of resistance. In Fungal Wilt Diseases of Plants (Editors Mace, M. E., Bell, A. A. & Beckman, C. H.), pp. 487–523. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, A. J. H. (1960). Verticillium wilt of lucerne. Annual Report for 1959, Welsh Plant Breeding Station, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, pp. 64–66.Google Scholar
Christen, A. A., Peaden, R. N., Harris, G. P. & Heale, J. B. (1983). Virulence of North American and European isolates of Verticillium albo-atrum on alfalfa cultivars. Phytopathology 73, 1051–1054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, G. R. (1972). Effects of thiabenazole on Verticillium wilt of lucerne. Plant Pathology 21, 129–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, G. R. (1977). Lucerne diseases – with particular reference to varietal control of wilt. In National Institute of Agricultural Botany Fellows Conference Report No. 1, pp. 4–11.Google Scholar
Dixon, G. R. (1978). Quantitative assessment of yield loss in lucerne (Medicago sativa) due to Verticillium albo-atrum. Abstract, 3rd International Congress of Plant Pathology, Munich.Google Scholar
Dixon, G. R. & Doodson, J. K. (1970). Methods for assessing varietal resistance to some major diseases of vegetables, fodder and herbage crops. Journal of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany 12, 124–129.Google Scholar
Dixon, G. R. & Pegg, G. F. (1969). Hyphal lysis and tylose formation in tomato cultivars infected by Verticillium albo-atrum. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 53, 109–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fyfe, J. L. (1964). Hereditary variation in resistance to Verticillium wilt within cultivated lucerne. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 63, 273–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garber, R. H. & Houston, B. R. (1966). Penetration and development of Verticillium albo-atrum in the cotton plant. Phytopathology 56, 1121–1126.Google Scholar
Gondran, J. (1978). Tests de résistance utilisables en sélection, 1) Verticillium albo-atrum Rke. et Berth. In Données utiles au sélectionneur pour améliorer la résistance de lucerne à l'égard des maladies et ravageurs. S. E. I. Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques (C. N. R. A) Etude No. 64, pp. 9–16.Google Scholar
Gondran, J. (1984). La verticilliose de la luzerne: détermination de l'agent causal, biologie du parasite, repartition géographique, dégâts et méthodes de lutte. Thèse presentée pour obtenir le grade de Docteur-Ingenieur, Université de Poitiers.Google Scholar
Harris, G. P. (1985). Studies on the resistance of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) to vascular wilt caused by Verticillium albo-atrum Rke. et Berth. Ph. D. thesis, London University.Google Scholar
Hartman, B. J. & Peaden, R. N. (1981). Inheritance of Verticillium wilt resistance in alfalfa. In Proceedings of the 17th Central Alfalfa Improvement Conference, Michigan State University, East Lansing, p. 5.Google Scholar
Heale, J. B. & Isaac, I. (1963). Wilt of lucerne caused by species of Verticillium. IV. Pathogenicity of V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae to lucerne and other crops; spread and survival of V. albo-atrum in soil and in weeds; effect upon lucerne production. Annals of Applied Biology 52, 439–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiménez Díaz, R. M. & Miller, R. L. (1988). Sporulation on infected tissues, and presence of airborne Verticillium albo-atrum in alfalfa fields in New York. Plant Pathology 37, 64–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knoll, F. A. (1972). Etudes concernant les espèces de Verticillium vivant dans le xylème de la luzerne (in German). Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Parasitenkunde Infeklionskrankheiten und Hygiene 127, 332–343.Google Scholar
Lacy, M. L. & Horner, C. E. (1966). Behaviour of Verticillium dahliae in the rhizosphere and on roots of plants susceptible, resistant and immune to wilt. Phytopathology 56, 427–430.Google Scholar
Lundin, P. & Jonsson, H. A. (1975). Weibull's Vertus a lucerne variety with high resistance to stem nematodes and Verticillium wilt. Agri Hortique Genetica 33, 17–32.Google Scholar
Nicholls, H., Richard, C. & Martin, J.-G. (1987). Verticillium wilt of alfalfa in Quebec. Canadian Plant Disease Survey 67, 17–19.Google Scholar
Øyjord, E. (1963). A universal experimental seed drill. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 8, 85–87.Google Scholar
Panton, C. A. (1965). Breeding of lucerne, Medicago sativa L. for resistance to Verticillium albo-atrum Rke. et. Berth. 1. Preliminary studies on the effectiveness of selection and investigation on methods for inducing symptom development and facilitating selection in early seedling stage. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica XV (1), 85–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, H. D. & Thompson, R. (1971). Recovery of inter-block information when block sizes are unequal. Biometrika 58, 545–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pennypacker, B. W. & Leath, K. T. (1983). Dispersal of Verticillium albo-atrum in the xylem of alfalfa. Plant Disease 67, 1226–1229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, D. L. (1984). The REML Program and Manual. Edinburgh: Scottish Agricultural Statistics Service.Google Scholar
Sato, R. (1985). The resistance mechanism of alfalfa cultivars to Verticillium wilt. Research Bulletin Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station No. 143, pp. 65–74. (Review of Plant Pathology (1985) 65, 2355.)Google Scholar
Sewell, G. W. F. & Wilson, J. F. (1966). Verticillium wilt of the hop: the survival of V. albo-atrum in soil. Annals of Applied Biology 58, 241–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Talboys, P. W. (1958 a). Some mechanisms contributing to Verticillium resistance in the hop root. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 41, 227–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Talboys, P. W. (1958 b). Association of tylosis and hyperplasia of the xylem with vascular invasion of the hop by Verticillium albo-atrum. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 41, 249–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viands, D. R. (1985). Comparison of Maris Kabul with Vertus alfalfa for resistance to Verticillium wilt. Crop Science 25, 1096–1100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar