Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-04T14:27:42.653Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Action on the Growth of Crops of small Percentages of Certain Metallic Compounds When Applied with Ordinary Artificial Fertilisers.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

Winifred E. Brenchley
Affiliation:
(Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts.)

Extract

1. No beneficial effect on the growth of barley or mustard on two types of soil was obtained by the addition of quantities of copper sulphate ranging up to 4 per cent. of the total artificial fertilisers applied. Experiments on English acid and alkaline peats with barley, rye and turnips failed to show the striking results obtained by American workers on saw-grass peat in the Everglades of Florida.

2. Increased fineness of grinding of basic slag in some cases brings about a certain reduction of crop. This may be due to the presence of vanadium in such slags, as experiments show that this element is definitely toxic to plant growth.

3. Lithium compounds are much less toxic than copper to the growth of barley. In some water culture experiments a suggestion of stimulation was obtained with very dilute concentrations of lithium chloride in the presence of nutrient salts, paralleling Voelcker's results with other lithium compounds in soil. Buckwheat is much more sensitive to the toxic action of lithium, and also shows no stimulation with any concentration.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1932

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

(1)Allison, R. V., Bryan, O. C. and Hunter, J. H.The stimulation of plant response on the raw peat soils of the Florida Everglades through the use of copper sulphate and other chemicals. Univ. of Florida Bull. (1927), 190, 3580.Google Scholar
(2)Askew, H. O.Titanium in some New Zealand soils and pastures. N.Z. Journ. Sci. & Technology (1930), 12, 173–9.Google Scholar
(3)Barnette, R. M.The influence of soluble aluminium salts on the growth of wheat seedlings in Shive's R3C3 solution. N. Jersey Sta. Rpt. (1923), pp. 255–8.Google Scholar
(4), Berthelot and Andrè, G.On the presence of alumina in plants and its distribution. Compt. Rend. (1895), 120, No. 6, 288–90.Google Scholar
(5)Bertrand, G. and Spirt, V.Recherches sur la présence et la repartition du titane dans les plantes phanérogames. Ann. Sci. Agron. (1929), 46, 551–9.Google Scholar
(6)Brenchley, W. E.The influence of copper sulphate and manganese sulphate upon the growth of barley. Ann. Bot. (1910), 24, 571–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(7)Brenchley, W. E.The effect of iodine on soils and plants. Ann. Appl. Biol. (1924), 11, 86111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(8)Brenchley, W. E.Inorganic Plant Poisons and Stimulants. (1927), 2nd edition. Cambridge Univ. Press. Results summarised and references given.Google Scholar
(9)Brenchley, W. E.Maskell, E. J. and Warington, K.The inter-relation between silicon and other elements in plant nutrition. Ann. Appl. Biol. (1927), 14, 4582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(10)Brenchley, W. E. and Warington, ***. The rôle of boron in the growth of plants. Ann. Bot. (1927), 41, No. 161, 167–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(11)Burgess, P. S. and Pember, F. R.“Active” aluminium as a factor detrimental to crop production in many acid soils. Rhode Island Sta. Bull. (1923), 194, iv + 40 pp.Google Scholar
(12)Church, A. H.Notes on the occurrence of aluminium in certain cryptogams. Chem. News (1874), 30, 137–8.Google Scholar
(13)Conner, S. D. and Sears, O. H.Aluminium salts and acids at varying hydrogen-ion concentrations, in relation to plant growth in water cultures. Soil Sci. (1922), 13, No. 1, 2334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(14)Ducloux, E. H. and Cobanera, M. L.The influence of cobalt and vanadium salts on vegetative growth. Rev. Mus. La Plata (1911–1912), 18, 145–63.Google Scholar
(15)Dunnington, F. P.Analyses of the ashes of certain weeds. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. (1880), 2, 24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(16)Fluri, M.The influence of aluminium salts on protoplasm. Flora (1908), 99, No. 2, 81126.Google Scholar
(17)Gaunersdorfer, J.Das Verhalten der Pflanzen bei Vergiftungen speziell durch Lithiumsalz. (Experiments on Cicer arietinum, Vicia faba, Glycine hispida, Tropaeolum, Salix fragilis, etc.) Landw. Versuchs.-Stat. (1887), 34, 171206.Google Scholar
(18)Hahn, P. D.Can lithia be a constituent of plant food? S. Africa J. Sci. (1916), 12, No. 6, 227–9.Google Scholar
(19)Hardy, F.Rô1e of aluminium in soil infertility and toxicity. J. Agric. Sci. (1926), 16, 616–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(20)Hoffer, G. N. and Carr, R. H.Accumulation of aluminium and iron compounds in corn plants and its probable relationship to rootrots. J. Agric. Res. (1923), 23, No. 10, 801–23.Google Scholar
(21)Kratzmann, E.The micro-chemical detection and distribution of aluminium in the plant kingdom. Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math. Naturw. Kl. (1913), 122, 1, No. 2, 311–36.Google Scholar
(22)Kratzmann, E.The physiological action of the salts of aluminium upon plants. Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math. Naturw. Kl. (1914), 123, 2, No. 3, 211–33. Abstract in Internal. Inst. Agr. Rome. Mo. Bull. Agr. Intel. & Plant Diseases, (1915), 6, No. 3, 403–4.Google Scholar
(23)Langworthy, C. F. and Austen, P. T.The Occurrence of Aluminium in Vegetable Products, Animal Products and Mineral Waters. (1904), J. Wiley & Sons, New York. 168 pp.Google Scholar
(24)Line, J.A critical study of the toxic aluminium theory. J. Agric. Sci. (1926), 16, 335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(25)Mcgeorge, W. T.The influence of aluminium, manganese and iron salts upon the growth of sugar cane, and their relation to the infertility of acid island soils. Hawaii Sugar Planters’ Sta. Agr. & Chem. Bull. (1925), 49, 95 pp.Google Scholar
(26)Mclean, F. T. and Gilbert, B. E.The relative aluminium tolerance of crop plants. Soil Sci. (1927), 24, No. 3, 163–75.Google Scholar
(27)Mclean, F. T. and Gilbert, B. E.Aluminum toxicity. Plant Physiol. (1928), 3, No. 3, 293302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(28)Magistad, O. C.Aluminium content of the soil solution and its relation to soil reaction and plant growth. Soil Sci. (1925), 20, 181225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(29)Mazé, P.Determination of elements necessary to development of maize. Compt. Rend. (1915), 160, No. 6, 211–14.Google Scholar
(30)Petri, L.Observations on injurious effects of toxic substances on the olive tree. Centbl. Bakt. (etc.), (1910), 2. Abt. 28, 153–9.Google Scholar
(31)Ramírez, E. C. Datos para el estudio del vanadio y acciòn de algunos vanadatos en los vegetales. (A study of vanadium and the action of vanadates in vegetables.) Thesis. Univ. La Plata. Abstract in An. Soc. Quim. Argentina (1914), 2, No. 6, 145–6.Google Scholar
(32)Rankin, W. H.The penetration of foreign substances introduced into trees. Phytopathology (1917), VII, 513.Google Scholar
(33)Ravenna, C. and Maugini, A.The behaviour of plants toward lithium salts. Atti R. Accad. Lincei Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. e Nat. (1912), 5 Ser. 21, 11, No. 5, 292–8.Google Scholar
(34)Ravenna, C. and Zamorani, M.The behaviour of plants toward lithium salts. Atti R. Accad. Lincei Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. e Nat. (1909), 5 Ser. 18, 11, No. 12, 626–30. Abstract in J. Chem. Soc. London, 98, No. 569, 11, p. 235.Google Scholar
(35)Ricciardi, L.Sulla diffusione dellr' allumina nei vegetali. Gazzetta (1889), 19, 150–9.Google Scholar
(36)Robinson, W. O.The inorganic composition of some important American soils. U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. (1914), 122, 27 pp.Google Scholar
(37)Robinson, W. O., Steinkoenig, L. A. and Miller, C. F.The relation of some of the rarer elements in plants and soils. U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. (1917), 600, 25 pp.Google Scholar
(38)Rumbold, C.Giving medicine to trees. Amer. Forestry (1920), 26, No. 318, 359–62. Also in Sci. Amer. Mo. 2, No. 2, 114–16.Google Scholar
(39)Sayre, L. E.The important constituents of Taraxacum root. Amer. J. Pharm. (1897), 69, 543–6.Google Scholar
(40)Sideris, C. P.Effects of aluminium salts on pineapple plants in water culture. Hawaii Pineapple Canners' Sta. Bull. (1925), 3, 8 pp.Google Scholar
(41)Smith, M. G.Aluminium the chief inorganic element in a proteaceous tree, and the occurrence of aluminium succinate in trees of this species. J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales (1903), 37, 107–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(42)Sommer, A. L.Studies concerning the essential nature of aluminium and silicon for plant growth. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Agr. Sci. (1926), 5, No. 2, 5781.Google Scholar
(43)Spencer, E. L.Aluminium and acidity studies with Rhododendron ponticum L. in sand cultures. Abs. Amer. Soc. Plant. Physiol. New Jersey Agric. Expt. Sta. (1931).Google Scholar
(44)Stoklasa, J.The influence of aluminium on the germination of seeds and the development of plants. Biochem. Z. (1918), 91, 137223.Google Scholar
(45)Stoklasa, J.Ueber die Verbreitung des Aluminiums in der Natur und seine Bedeutung beim Bau- und Betriebsstoffwechsel der Pflanzen. (1922), 500 pp.Google Scholar
(46)Thomas, W.Ultimate analysis of the mineral constituents of a Hagerstown silty clay loam and occurrence in plants of some of the elements found. Soil Sci. (1923), 15, No. 1, pp. 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(47)Tschermak, E.Ueber die Verbreitung des Lithiums im Pflanzenreiche. Z Landw. Versuch. Österr. (1899), 2, 560–71.Google Scholar
(48)Varvaro, U.The action of manganese dioxide and other metallic compounds on the germination of seed. Staz. sper. agr. Ital. (1912), 45, No. 12, 917–29.Google Scholar
(49)Voelcker, J. A.Report of the Woburn Experimental Station. (1903), pp. 28–9.Google Scholar
(50)Voelcker, J. A.Annual Reports of the Woburn Experimental Station, 1899–1913. Summarised in “The Woburn experimental farm and its work, 1876–1921”. J. Roy. Agric. Soc. 84, 49.Google Scholar
(51)Voelcker, J. A.The influence of copper salts on wheat. Rept. of the Hills Expts., Woburn Expt. Station (1913), pp. 27–9; (1914), pp. 23–9. Summarised in J. Roy. Agric. Soc. (1923), 84, 158.Google Scholar
(52)Zehl, L.The influence of temperature on the action of poisons. Z. allg. Physiol. (1908), 8, 140–90. Abstract in Bot. Centbl. 108, No. 13, 328–9.Google Scholar