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The Composition of Green Maize and of the Silage produced therefrom

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

Harold E. Annett  and
Edward J. Russell
Harold E. Annett
Affiliation:
(Lond.), S.E.A.C. Dip. Indian Department of Agriculture
Edward J. Russell
Affiliation:
(Lond.) Rothamsted Experiment Station, late of the South Eastern Agricultural College, Wye.
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Extract

The process of making silage is an ancient one and the scientific investigations date back at least to 1873, when Weiske, at the Proskau experiment station, showed that there was a loss of carbohydrate, fibre and protein in making silage from sainfoin and other crops. It was, however, by no means general till after the publication in 1875 of Goffart's remarkable success with maize silage at Burtin, in the barren district of Sologne (Loire-et-Cher). Both Grandeau and Barral analysed Goffart's silage, the former noted the production of volatile and non-volatile acids and labelled them acetic and lactic acids respectively, in which practice he has been followed by most later analysts. Five years later Kellner demonstrated by careful quantitative measurements that the decrease in protein was accompanied by an increase in the amount of ‘amide’ nitrogen. In his experiments about 28 per cent. of the nitrogen was lost, but in a subsequent paper this was traced to volatilisation of ammonia during manipulation of the sample. Kellner considered, and probably correctly, that no nitrogen is lost in the free state from the silo.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , July 1908 , pp. 382 - 391
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1908

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References

page 382 note 1 See e.g. Johnston, , Trans. Highland and Agric. Soc. 1843, new series, 9, 57.Google ScholarA good historical account is given by Jenkins, , Journ. Roy. Agric. Soc. 1884, 20, 126.Google Scholar

page 382 note 2 Quoted by Voelcker, , Journ. Roy. Agric. Soc. 1884, 20.Google Scholar

page 382 note 3 Sur la culture et Vensilage du Maës-fourrage (Memoire présenté à la Socieéteé centrale d'Agriculture de Prance, 1875). On p. 8 he says: “Lorsque j'ai acheté le domaine en 1840…hnit malheureuses vaches et cent vingt brébis composaient tout le cheptel d'alors et vivaient misérablement…aujourd'hui le même domaine nourrit abondamment soixantehuit bêtes à comes, six chevaux, et trois cents moutons.” He had about 300 acres.

page 382 note 4 Ibid. p. 39.

page 382 note 5 p. 50 and Part 2, p. 24.

page 382 note 6 Land, . Versuchs-Stat. 1880, 26, 447.Google Scholar Mangold leaves were used.

page 382 note 7 Kellner, and Sowano, , Land. Versuchs-Stat. 1889, 37, 16,Google Scholar also Kellner, , Chem. Zeit. 1890, 14, 905.Google Scholar

page 383 note 1 Sweet Silage, 1885, Agric. Press Co. London.Google Scholar

page 383 note 2 The Evidence and Report contain interesting accounts of the methods of making silage, its place in the economy of the farm, and its value here and elsewhere.

page 383 note 3 Agric. Gazette, 1885, also Rothamsted Memoirs, Vol. 4, No. 12.Google Scholar

page 383 note 4 Journ. für Landwirtschaft, 1883, 32, Heft, I. Abs. in Journ. Chem. Soc. Abs. 1884, p. 1409.Google Scholar Of. also Palladin, , Ber. der Bot. Gesellschaft, 1888, 6, 205 and 296.Google Scholar

page 383 note 5 Trans. Chem. Soc. 1884, 45, 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 383 note 6 Chem. News, 1884, 49, 210.Google Scholar

page 383 note 7 Trans. Chem. Soc. 1885, 47, 80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 383 note 8 Journ. Roy. Agric. Soc. 1884, 20, 380.Google Scholar

page 383 note 9 See Report of Commission.

page 383 note 10 Journ. Roy. Agric. Soc. 1884, 20, 482Google Scholar, other workers quoted in this paper are Moser and Holdefleiss.

page 383 note 11 E.g. it was often supposed that fibre became digestible daring the process and some even considered that sugar was produced. Lawes, in his evidence before the commissioners pointed out the fallacy of supposing that poor coarse grass, weeds, etc. would change into useful, nutritious food in the silo.

page 383 note 12 Maine Reports, 1893 and 1894 (Expt. Station Record, 1895, 6, 746 and 1896, 7, 884).

page 383 note 13 Pennsylvania Reports, 1889 (Expt. Station Record, 1892, 3, 457).

page 383 note 14 Land, . Vcrsuchs-Stat. 1889, 36, 161.Google Scholar

page 383 note 15 Vermont Reports, 1893 (Expt. Station Record, 1895, 6, 919).

page 383 note 16 New York State Reports, 1892 (Expt. Station Record, 1895, 6, 65).

page 383 note 17 Wisconsin Report, 1894 (Expt. Station Record, 1897, 8, 350 and 687: 1898, 9, 393); also Wisconsin Report, 1900.

page 384 note 1 Wisconsin Report, 1900.

page 384 note 2 Russell, E. J., Journ. Board of Agric. April, 1908, p. 14. Reference is also made to the feeding value of Bilage, which is not dealt with in the present paper.Google Scholar

page 384 note 3 The crop varies in the same way, and is much greater in warm than in cold seasons. The difference in the amount of good stuff per acre is therefore very considerable.