Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xfwgj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-04T07:27:07.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Long-Distance Trade-Routes in Central Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2009

J. Vansina
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The structure of indigenous trade in Central Africa makes it necessary to distinguish between three different types of trade. There is first the local trade from village to village within a given population. The goods exchanged are generally specialized products from local industry, and the exchange comes about because some villages possess supplies of raw materials which are not available to others, e.g. pottery clay, or because they are inhabited by specialists such as smiths or woodcarvers who are not available in others. This type of trade is conducted in local markets, and generally speaking, currency of some sort is in use. It is still alive today, and one can assume that it is very old, since such a system shows little dynamism. The necessities remain the same; the organization is simple and efficient.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of African History , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , November 1962 , pp. 375 - 390
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1962

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BOOKS AND ARTICLES CITED

Baesten, V.Les anciens Jesuites au Congo — Précis Historiques, 1893–6 (extrait).Google Scholar
Bastian, A.San Salvador. Berlin, 1859.Google Scholar
Burton, W. F. B. ‘The Country of the Baluba in Central Katanga’, Geographical Journal, 1927, lxx, 321–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cadornega, O. de (ed. Delgado, J. M.), História géral das guerras angolanas. Lisbon, 1940–1942, 3 vols.Google Scholar
Cameron, V.Across Africa. New York, 1877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capello, H., Ivens, R.From Benguella to the Territory of the Yacca. London, 1882, 2 vols.Google Scholar
Cavazzi de Montecucollo, G. A.Historische beschreibung der in dem untern occidentalischen Mohrenland ligenden drey Konigreichen, Congo, Matamba und Angola. Munich, 1694 (original in Italian. Bologna, 1687).Google Scholar
Childs, G.Umbundu Kinship and Character. London, 1949.Google Scholar
Colle, R. Les Baluba in Overbergh, C. Van (ed.) Collection de Monographies Ethnographiques, x, xi. Brussels, 1913.Google Scholar
Cunnison, I. (a) ‘Kazembe and the Portuguese, 1798–1832’, Journal of African History, 1961, ii, no. i, 61–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(b) ‘Kazembe's Charter’, Northern Rhodesia Journal, 1957, iii, 3, 220–32.Google Scholar
Cuvelier, J.L'ancien royaume de Congo. Brussels, 1946.Google Scholar
Cuvelier, J., Jadin, L.L'ancien Congo d'après les archives romaines (1518–1640), MIRCB, xxxvi, 2. Brussels, 1954.Google Scholar
Dapper, O.Naukeurige Beschryvinghe der Afrikaensche Gewesten. Amsterdam, 1676.Google Scholar
Decazes, E. ‘Chez les Batekés’, Revue d'Ethnographie, 1885, iv, 160–8.Google Scholar
Degrandpré, L.Voyage à la côte occidentale d'Afrique fait dans les années 1786 et 1787. Paris, 1801, 2 vols.Google Scholar
Delgado, R.História de Angola. Benguella and Lobito, 1948–1954, 5 vols.Google Scholar
Denolf, P.Aan den rand der Dibese, in MIRCB, xxxiv. Brussels, 1954.Google Scholar
Deschamps, H.Traditions orales et archives au Gabon. Paris, 1962.Google Scholar
Duysters, L. ‘Histoire des Aluunda’, Problémes d'Afrique Centrale, 1958, xii, 75–98.Google Scholar
Edwards, A.The Ovimbundu under two Sovereignties. London, 1962.Google Scholar
Felner, A. de Albuquerque. Angola. Coimbra, 1933.Google Scholar
Ferreira, Ribeiro M.Homenagem aos herões que precederam Brito Capello e Roberto Ivens na exploraçāo da Africa Austral. 1484–1877. Lisbon, 1885.Google Scholar
Froehlich, W. ‘Das Afrikanische Marktwesen’, Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1940. lxxii, 234–328.Google Scholar
Mendes, de Castello Branco Garcia. Da Mina ao Cabo Negro segundo Garcia Mendes de Castello Branco (1574–1620) in Cordeiro, L. (ed.), Memórias do Ultrainar. Lisbon, 1881.Google Scholar
Gluckman, M.Economy of the central Barotse plain. Rhodes Livingstone Institute Papers, no. 10. Manchester, 1943.Google Scholar
Haveaux, G. L.La tradition historique des Bapende orientaux. In MIRCB, xxxvii, I. Brussels, 1954.Google Scholar
Jadin, L. ‘Le Congo et la secte des Antoniens. Restauration du royaume sous Pedro IV et Ia Sainte Antoine congolaise, 1694–1718’, Bulletin de L'Institut historique beige de Rome, 1961. 411–609.Google Scholar
Kopytof, I. Suku Religion. Ph.D. Dissertation. Northwestern University, 1960.Google Scholar
Laman, K.Dictionnaire Kikongo-Francais. In MIRCB, ii. Brussels, 1936.Google Scholar
Livingstone, D.Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa. London, 1857.Google Scholar
Lopes de Lima, I. J.Ensaios sobre a Statistica das possessões Portuguezes. Volume iii. Ensaio sobre a Statistica d'Angola e Benguella. Lisbon, 1846.Google Scholar
Magyar, L.Reisen in Süd Afrika in den Jahren 1849–57. Pest and Leipzig, 1859.Google Scholar
McCulloch, M.The Southern Lunda and Related Peoples. Ethnographic Survey of Africa. West Central Africa. Part I. London, 1951.Google Scholar
Mathieu, M. A. ‘L'exploitation du cuivre par les indigénes du Katanga’, Congo, 1925, v, II, 107–29.Google Scholar
Mello, Dom Miguel Antonio de ‘Angola no Começo do Século (1802)’, Boletirn da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa, 1885. Series f a, 548–64.Google Scholar
Manso, Paiva L.História do Congo. Lisbon, 1877.Google Scholar
Pierpont, J. de ‘Les Bambala’, Congo, 1932, xii, I, 22–37; 185–199.Google Scholar
Pigafetta, F. (Burssens, , ed.) De beschryvinghe vant groot ende vermaert Coninckrijck van Congo (1596), Kongo Overzee, 1941–1942, vii–viii 1–86, 113–206. (Original in Italian 1596.)Google Scholar
Plancquaert, M.Les Jaga et les Bayaka du Kwango, in MIRCB, iii, I. Brussels, 1932.Google Scholar
Pogge, P.Im Reiche des Muata Jamwo. Berlin, 1880.Google Scholar
Ravenstein, E. G.The Strange Adventures of Andrew Batteil of Leigh in Angola and the Adjoining Regions. London, 1901.Google Scholar
Schuett, O.Reisen im Südwestlichen Becken des Congo. Berlin, 1881.Google Scholar
Correa, E. da. SilvaHistória de Angola. Lisbon, 1937. 2 vols.Google Scholar
Porto, A. da. Silva (Sousa, Dias G. ed.), Silva Porto e a travessia do continente africano. Lisbon, 1938.Google Scholar
Soret, M.Les Kongo Nord-occidentaux, in Monographies Africaines. Paris, 1959.Google Scholar
Dias, G. de. SousaRelações de Angola. Coimbra, 1934.Google Scholar
Stanley, H. M.Through the Dark Continent. London, 1877.Google Scholar
Storme, M.Ngankabe la prétendue reine des Baboma d'après H. M. Stanley. In MARSC (I) 1956, NS, vii, 2.Google Scholar
Tippo, Tip. Maisha ya Hamed bin Mohammed el Murjebi yauni Tippo Tip, Supplement to the East African Swahili Committee Journals, 07 1958, 28, 2; January 1959, 29, i (with translation in English by Whiteley, V.).Google Scholar
Torday, E., Joyce, T. A. ‘Notes ethnographiques sur des populations habitant les bassins du Kasai et du Kwango oriental’, in Annales du Musée du Congo Beige Ethnographie. Série III, ii, 2. Brussels, 1922.Google Scholar
Van Everbroeck, N.Mbomb'Ipoku. Le seigneur à l'abime, in Archives d'Ethnographie, 3, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale. Tervuren, 1961.Google Scholar
Van Naemen, L. ‘Migration des Bayanzi (Bayeye)’, Congo, 1934, xiv, I, 189–96.Google Scholar
Verbeken, A., Walraet, M.La Première traversée du Katanga en 1806, in MIRCB xxx, 2. Brussels, 1953.Google Scholar
Von Wissmann, H., Wolf, L., Von Francois, C., Muller, H.Im Innern Afrikas. Leipzig, 1888.Google Scholar