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LE MOSCHE BIANCHE. PERCHÉ I GIOVANI ATTIVISTI DI PARTITO SONO POCHI?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Ettore Recchi

Introduzione

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I partiti politici detengono il triste primato di essere le istituzioni pubbliche in cui i giovani italiani nutrono minor fiducia – meno che nella burocrazia statale, nel governo, nella magistratura, nelle forze di polizia, nell'esercito, nella Chiesa, nei sindacati, nelle banche, nei giornali e nelle televisioni (Buzzi et al. 1997, 382). Per quanto aggravatosi in tempi recenti, questo discredito ha radici lontane e trova espressione in un distacco crescente, dagli anni settanta in poi, dei giovani dalla vita dei partiti. Generazione dopo generazione, stando alle survey condotte negli ultimi cinque lustri, i cittadini dai 18 ai 25 anni che prendono parte regolarmente alle attività di qualche organizzazione politica sono passati dal 7,3% del 1970, al 6,2% del 1983, al 4,1% del 1987, al 2,7% del 1992 e del 19% (Tullio-Altan e Marradi 1976, 472; Cavalli e de Lillo 1993, 286; Buzzi et al. 1997, 419). Più precisamente, gli individui tra i 20 e i 24 anni che negli ultimi sei mesi hanno svolto «attività gratuita per un partito» ammontano nel 1994 ad un misero 1,8% – meno di un terzo della quota di attivisti di partito che si ritrova nella popolazione fra i 35 e i 44 anni d'età (Istat 1996, 143). Dati di fonte partitica, del resto, confermano il quadro: a cavallo fra il 1995 e il 1996 le organizzazioni giovanili dei partiti contavano 204.000 membri (Turi 1997, 126) – ossia, il 2% della popolazione tra i 19 e 29 anni (Istat 1995, 102).

Summary

Summary

What are the reasons for the continuous decline of party activism among the young people in Italy? This paper tries to answer the question by focusing on the «deviant cases»: the limited number of young Italians who are actively involved in party politics. Some theoretical explanatory models are discussed in the first part of the article and then controlled on the bases of empirical data. Samples of young party activists and non-activists of the same age are compared in order to understand which factors keep young people from participating in politicallife. Party activism turns out to be influenced by both socialisation and structural factors, which make a likely political career desirable and feasible in the future. Since political involvement depends on an uncommon combination of opportunities and motives, Italian young party activists stand out as rare birds within their generation.

Type
Ricerche
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , December 1998 , pp. 515 - 542
Copyright
Copyright © Societ Italiana di Scienza Politica 

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