^{page 41 note 1} Contrat Social, I, IV.

^{page 42 note 1} Gurlt, V., Zuv Geschichte der internationalen und freiwilligen Krankenpflege im Kriege, Leipzig, 1873 Google Scholar — Pallieri, Balladore, Diritto bellico, 2nd edit., Padua, 1954, p. 197.Google Scholar

^{page 43 note 1} Baduel, V. C., Il precursore della Croce Rossa, Ferdinando Palasciano, Rome, 1927 Google Scholar. See also on Palasciano's work, G. Mazzoni, La neutralita del feriti in guerra, Naples, 1895.

^{page 43 note 2} On the first occasion Appia's essay (out of nine submitted) was the onlyone worthy of consideration, but it could not receive the prize, since it arrived too late and was Written in French. The second time, French being accepted, Appia's essay was awarded the prize bracketed with that of Dr. Achille de Vita of the Italian Corps of Volunteers. The two essays were published together in Naples in 1862 under the title: Manuale di Chirurgia militare: I, A. De Vita, Aforismi sulla cura delle ferite; II, L. Appia, Aforismi sul trasporto dei feriti.

^{page 44 note 1} Palasciano (appointed Senator in 1876) died in Naples on November 28, 1891, and was buried in the enclosure reserved for famous men in the cemetery at Poggioreale. An epigraph by Giovanni Bovio was carved on his grave-stone. Palasciano's writings were assembled and published by his widow, Olga de Wawilow (Russian by birth and Italian by adoption), in five volumes under the title Memorie ed osservazioni di Ferdinando Palasciano (Naples, 1896–1899). The fifth volume deals in particular with the Red Cross.

^{page 45 note 1} In this connection see, Pallieri, Balladore, Diritto bellico, op. cit., p. 199.Google Scholar