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Neighborhood physical disorder, social cohesion, and insomnia: results from participants over age 50 in the Health and Retirement Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2014

Lenis P. Chen-Edinboro Open the ORCID record for Lenis P. Chen-Edinboro [Opens in a new window] ,
Christopher N. Kaufmann ,
Jura L. Augustinavicius ,
Ramin Mojtabai ,
Jeanine M. Parisi ,
Alexandra M. V. Wennberg ,
Michael T. Smith  and
Adam P. Spira
Lenis P. Chen-Edinboro*
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Christopher N. Kaufmann
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Jura L. Augustinavicius
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Ramin Mojtabai
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Jeanine M. Parisi
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Alexandra M. V. Wennberg
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Michael T. Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Adam P. Spira
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr Lenis P. Chen-Edinboro, Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Rm. 884, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Phone: +1-410-502-2066; Fax: +1-410-614-7469. Email: lchen78@jhu.edu.
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Abstract

Background:

We determined the association between neighborhood socio-environmental factors and insomnia symptoms in a nationally representative sample of US adults aged >50 years.

Methods:

Data were analyzed from two waves (2006 and 2010) of the Health and Retirement Study using 7,231 community-dwelling participants (3,054 men and 4,177 women) in the United States. Primary predictors were neighborhood physical disorder (e.g. vandalism/graffiti, feeling safe alone after dark, and cleanliness) and social cohesion (e.g. friendliness of people, availability of help when needed, etc.); outcomes were insomnia symptoms (trouble falling asleep, night awakenings, waking too early, and feeling unrested).

Results:

After adjustment for age, income, race, education, sex, chronic diseases, body mass index, depressive symptoms, smoking, and alcohol consumption, each one-unit increase in neighborhood physical disorder was associated with a greater odds of trouble falling asleep (odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.14), waking too early (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00–1.10), and, in adults aged ≥69 years (adjusting for all variables above except age), feeling unrested in the morning (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.22 in 2006). Each one-unit increase in lower social cohesion was associated with a greater odds of trouble falling asleep (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.11) and feeling unrested (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.15).

Conclusions:

Neighborhood-level factors of physical disorder and social cohesion are associated with insomnia symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. Neighborhood-level factors may affect sleep, and consequently health, in our aging population.

Keywords

insomniasleepneighborhoodphysical disordersocial cohesionagingolder adultsepidemiology
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , February 2015 , pp. 289 - 296
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2014 

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