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The United Nations Emergency Force

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2009

Leland M. Goodrich  and
Gabriella E. Rosner
Leland M. Goodrich
Affiliation:
Board of Editors of International Organization and Professor of International Organization and Administration at Columbia University.
Gabriella E. Rosner
Affiliation:
Department of Public Law and Government at Columbia.
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Extract

When the Charter of the United Nations was being written and put into effect, the feature that was most emphasized by its supporters was the provision for the use of collective forces to keep the peace. It was the failure of this particular feature of the Charter system to become effective which was mainly responsible for the subsequent decline of confidence in the UN as a peace organization. For a time, hopes were rekindled by the role of the United Nations in meeting aggression in Korea. Recent events in the Middle East, particularly the establishment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF), have revived interest in the possibility of strengthening the UN as an organization to maintain international peace and security.Because of the hopes aroused as well as the results achieved, it is important to analyze objectively what UNEF is, what its role has been, and to what it may lead.

Type
Articles
Information
International Organization , Volume 11 , Issue 3 , summer 1957 , pp. 413 - 430
Copyright
Copyright © The IO Foundation 1957

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References

1 See statement of Sir Pierson Dixon (United Kingdom) in the Security Council, October 30, 1956 (Security Council, “Verbatim Record of the 749th Meeting,” S/PV.749, October 30, 1956) and General Assembly, November I, 1956 (General Assembly Official Records, First Emergency Special Session, 56Ist Plenary Meeting).

2 Canada, Department of External Affairs, Information Division, Statements and Speeches, Excerpts from a statement by the Pearson, Hon. L. B., in the Fourth (Special) Session of Parliament on 11 27, 1956Google Scholar.

3 General Assembly Official Records, First Emergency Special Session, 462c) Plenary Meeting, 11 1956, p. 36Google Scholar.

4 UN Document A/3267, November 3, 1956.

5 UN Document A/3276, November 3, 1956.

6 UN Document A/3289, November 4, 1956.

7 Resolution 1000 (ES-I).

8 Resolution 997 (ES-I).

9 UN Document A/3302 and Adds.

10 Resolution 1001 (ES-I).

11 See “Report of the Secretary-General on basic points for the presence and functioning in Egypt of the United Nations Emergency Force,” Document A/3375, November 20, 1956; Document A/RES/411, November 16, 1956.

12 “Second and final report of the Secretary-General …,” Document A/3JO2, November 6, 1956, p. 4.

13 “Report of the Secretary-General on arrangements concerning the status of the United Nations Emergency Force in Egypt,” Document A /3526, February 8, 1957.

14 General Assembly Official Records, First Emergency Special Session, 567th Meeting, November 7, 1956, p. 117–119.

15 Document A/3302, November 6, 1956.

16 Ibid., p. 5–6.

17 Resolution 1OO1 (ES-I).

18 Document A/33O2/Add.4/Rev.I, November 7, 1956; General Assembly Official Records, First Emergency Special Session, 567th Plenary Meeting, November 7, 1956, p. 117–119.

18 See Aide-Mèmohe from the Israel government to the Secretary-General, Document A/5511, January 24, 1957.

20 Document A/3512, January 24, 1957.

21 Documents A/Res/460 and A/Res/461, February 4. 1957.

22 Statement of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly, February 27, 1957.United Nations Review, 04 1957 (Vol. 3, No. 10), p. 9Google Scholar.

23 Report of the Secretary-General, March 8, 1957.

24 Document A/3302, November 6, 1956.

25 Afghanistan, Brazil, Burma, Canada, Ceylon, Chile, Colombia, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Finland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Laos, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Rumania, Sweden and Yugoslavia.

26 The offers of the following Members were accepted: Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, India, Indonesia, Norway, Sweden and Yugoslavia.

27 Donovan, P. O., “How the U.N. Troops Were Mobilized,” The Reporter, 01 10, 1957, p. 31Google Scholar.

28 See United Nations Review, 02 1957 (Vol. 3, No. 8), p. 26Google Scholar.

29 Document ST/SGB/UNEF/I.

30 Resolution 1001 (ES-I).

31 “Report of the Secretary-General on arrangements concerning the status of the United Nations Emergency Force in Egypt,” Document A/3526.

32 See Document A/64, P. 25–34, July 1, 1946.

33 Document A/3526, paragraph 23.

34 Ibid., paragraph 25.

35 Ibid.

36 Ibid., paragraph 24.

37 Document ST/SGB/UNEF/I, paragraph 6.

38 Ibid., paragraph 32.

39 Ibid., paragraph 29.

40 Document A/3526, paragraph 11.

41 In the NATO Agreement the “primary right of the host state to exercise criminal jurisdiction exists when an act of a member of the visiting force or civil staff violates the law of both the receiving and sending State” except in cases when the offense arose out of an act or omission committed solely against the property or security or member of the sending state. See Rouse, J. H. and Baldwin, G. B., “The Exercise of Criminal Jurisdiction Under the NATO States of Forces Agreement,” American Journal of International Law, 01 1957 (Vol. 51, No. 1), p. 29–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar. For text of NATO Status of Forces Agreement, see Ismay, Lord, NATO: The First Five Years, p. 204–217Google Scholar.

42 See King, Archibald, “Jurisdiction Over Friendly Armed Forces,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 36 (1942). P. 539–567CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

43 Criminal Jurisdiction Over American Armed Forces Abroad,” Harvard Law Review, 04 1957 (Vol. 70, No. 6), p. 1048Google Scholar.

44 Document A/3526, paragraph 12.

45 Ibid., paragraph 19.

46 Ibid.

47 Document A/3383, November 21, 1956.

48 Document A/RES/412, November 26, 1956.

49 See Document A/C.5/L.427, paragraph 22, December 20, 1956.

50 Ibid., paragraph 24.

51 Ibid., paragraph 2 5.

52 Document A/Res/448.

53 Document A/C.5/1.427, p. 19–20.

54 Since the United States regularly pays one-third of the annual budget, its share for UNEF amounted to $3, 330,000. The United Kingdom contributed $781,000 and France's assessment entailed payment of $570,000. The Soviet Union has refused to contribute its share of the costs of the Force.

55 Assistant Secretary of State Francis O. Wilcox told a House Appropriations Sub-Committee on April 2 the United States had offered to bear one-half of this extra cost.

56 General Assembly, Eleventh Session, “Provisional Verbatim Records of 639th Meeting,” A/PV.639, 01 17, 1957Google Scholar.

57 Ibid., 645th Meeting, A/PV.645, January 28, 1957.

58 Ibid., 641st Meeting, A/PV.641, January 18, 1957.

59 Ibid., 660th Meeting, A/PV.660, February 23, 1957.

60 Statement of the Secretary-General, New York Times, 04 11, 1957Google Scholar.

61 See, for example,Pearson, Lester B., “Force for U.N.,” Foreign Affairs, 04 1957 (Vol. 33, No. 3), P. 395–4O4CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

62 Ibid., p. 401.