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World Trade Organization: Appellate Body Report, United States–Measures Affecting the Production and Sale of Clove Cigarettes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2017

Tania Voon
Tania Voon*
Affiliation:
Melbourne Law School
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Abstract

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Type
International Legal Documents
Information
International Legal Materials , Volume 51 , Issue 4 , August 2012 , pp. 755 - 827
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2012

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References

Endnotes

* This text was reproduced and reformatted from the text available at the World Trade Organization Web site (visited September 15, 2012) http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/406abr_e.pdf.

1 Appellate Body Report, United States—Clove Cigarettes Measures Affecting the Production and Sale of Clove Cigarettes, WT/DS406/AB/R (Apr. 4, 2012) [hereinafter Appellate Body Report, U.S.—Clove Cigarettes].

2 Request for the Establishment of a Panel by Ukraine, Australia—Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks and Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and Packaging, WT/DS434/’11 (Aug. 17, 2012). Honduras also requested the establishment of a Panel in this matter on October 15, 2012, although that request has not yet been publicly circulated at the time of writing.

3 See also 21 U.S.C. § 387g(a)(l)(A) (inserted by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act: § 101(b), Pub L. No. 111-31, 123 Stat. 1776 (June 21, 2009)).

4 Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, 1868 U.N.T.S. 120, Apr. 15, 1994, available at http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/17-tbt_e.htm.

5 Panel Report, United States—Measures Affecting the Production and Sale of Clove Cigarettes, WT/DS406/R (Sept. 2, 2011) [hereinafter Panel Report].

6 Id. ¶¶ 7.428, 7.432.

7 Paragraph 1 of Annex 1 of the TBT Agreement defines a technical regulation as including a “[djocument which lays down product characteristics ... with which compliance is mandatory.”

8 Appellate Body Report, U.S.—Clove Cigarettes, supra note 1, ¶ 298(a)(v).

9 Id. ¶ 298(b)(ii).

10 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, Apr. 15, 1994, 1867 U.N.T.S. 187, available at http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/06-gatt_e.htm.

11 Appellate Body Report, U.S.—Clove Cigarettes, supra note 1, ¶ 120.

12 Panel Report, supra note 5, ¶¶ 7.113-7.114, 7.116, 7.119, 7.246-7.247.

13 Appellate Body Report, European Communities—Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas, ¶¶ 216, 241, WT/DS27/AB/R (Sept. 9, 1997).

14 Panel Report, supra note 5, ¶ 7.199.

15 Appellate Body Report, U.S.—Clove Cigarettes, supra note 1, ¶ 122, 123, 127, 129.

16 Id. ¶ 131.

17 Id. ¶¶ 134, 137-38.

18 Id. ¶ 145.

19 Id. ¶ 160.

20 Id. ¶¶ 180, 193.

21 Id. ¶¶ 174, 175, 182, 215.

22 Cf. id. ¶ 166 (U.S. government argument); Nicolas Diebold, Standards of Non-Discrimination in International Economic Law, 60 Int’l & Comp. L. Q. 831, 839-41 (2011).

23 Appellate Body Report, United States—Certain Country of Origin Labelling (COOL) Requirements, ¶ 271, WT/DS384/AB/R, WT/DS386/AB/R (June 29, 2012); Appellate Body Report, United States—Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products, ¶ 231, WT/DS381/AB/R (May 16, 2012).

24 Appellate Body Report, U.S.—Clove Cigarettes, supra note 1, ¶ 224.

25 Id. ¶ 225.

26 Article 2.10 of the TBT Agreement elaborates on such circumstances.

27 Appellate Body Report, U.S.—Clove Cigarettes, supra note 1, ¶¶ 269, 298(b)(ii).

28 World Trade Organization, Ministerial Decision of 14 November 2001 on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns, WT/MIN(01)/17, available at http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min01_e/mindecl_implementation_e.pdf.

29 Appellate Body Report, U.S.—Clove Cigarettes, supra note 1, ¶ 251, 254, 255.

30 Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Apr. 15, 1994, 1867 U.N.T.S. 154.

31 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, May 23, 1969, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331, available at http://www.oas.org/dil/Vienna_Convention_on_the_Law_of_Treaties.pdf.

32 Appellate Body Report, U.S.—Clove Cigarettes, supra note 1, ¶¶ 268, 269.

33 Id. ¶¶ 259-60.

34 See, e.g., Appellate Body Report, United States—Final Anti-Dumping Measures on Stainless Steel From Mexico, ¶¶ 160-61, WT/DS344/AB/R (Apr. 30, 2008).

35 Appellate Body Report, U.S.—Clove Cigarettes, supra note 1, ¶¶ 235-36.

36 Id. ¶¶ 181, 182, 215.