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Parasitism of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) by Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on cassava

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2008

M. Otim ,
G. Kyalo ,
S. Kyamanywa ,
P. Asiimwe ,
J. P. Legg ,
M. Guershon  and
D. Gerling
M. Otim*
Affiliation:
National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, PO Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
G. Kyalo
Affiliation:
National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, PO Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
S. Kyamanywa
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
P. Asiimwe
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Forbes 410, PO Box 2100 (36), Tucson, AZ 85721-0036, USA
J. P. Legg
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Tanzania, PO Box 6226, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Natural Resources Institute, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, KentME4 4TB, United Kingdom
M. Guershon
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv69978, Israel
D. Gerling
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv69978, Israel
*
*E-mail: otim_michael@yahoo.com; motim@naro-ug.org
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Abstract

Parasitism rates of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and searching and oviposition behaviours of its parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus Mercet were compared on two cassava varieties: a glabrous variety, Nase 4 and a hirsute variety, MM97/0245 with c. 88 leaf hairs/cm2. Parasitism was assessed after potted plants of both varieties were exposed in open fields to natural infestation by B. tabaci and its natural enemy. For the behavioural studies, naive, less than 24-h-old females were individually observed on infested cassava leaflets under a microscope for a maximum of 1 h each. The different foraging behaviours were recorded using the computer software ‘The Observer 5.0’ (Noldus Ltd, Wageningen, The Netherlands). Total per cent parasitism and parasitism by E. mundus did not differ significantly between varieties. Upon encounter with leaf hairs, the parasitoids stopped and groomed before resuming the host search. The frequency of repeat probing, host feeding and antennation after probing and host feeding were higher on the glabrous than on the hirsute variety, while the converse was observed when feeding on liquids on the leaf. The duration of host assessment, initial probing, grooming and resting on the leaf was higher on the glabrous than on the hirsute variety. Leaf hairiness at the density investigated caused some changes in the behaviour of the parasitoids, but did not have an overall effect on field parasitism. Since cassava is generally considered to have glabrous leaves and the variety MM97/0245 is one of the most hirsute varieties, we discount leaf hairiness as a factor in determining levels of parasitoid activity.

Keywords

Bemisia tabaciEretmocerus mundusbehaviourManihot esculentaparasitismUganda
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , September 2008 , pp. 158 - 167
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2008

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