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Impact of the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi on cassava mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti) Populations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

W. N. O. Hammond ,
P. Neuenschwander  and
H. R. Herren
W. N. O. Hammond
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
P. Neuenschwander
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
H. R. Herren
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abstract

Epidinocarsis lopezi an exotic parasitoid to Africa, was first released to control the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihoti, at IITA (Ibadan) in November 1981, and a year later at Abeokuta, both in southwestern Nigeria. Population dynamics study of CM and its natural enemies was conducted for 4 years. CM population peaks usually occurred during the second half of the dry season (January–April). E. lopezi was the only natural enemy that was found during the whole year and in high densities. Parasitization rates of E. lopezi alternated with CM densities, thus suggesting a regulatory effect on CM populations by this parasitoid. CM populations were drastically reduced in release fields when compared with control fields. Subsequently CM populations have been maintained below injury levels for 4 years. E. lopezi is considered an efficient parasitoid of the CM.

Résumé

Les premiers lāchers d'Epidinocarsis lopezi, un parasitoïde non africain, en vue de lutter contre la cochenille du manioc Phenacoccus manihoti ont été réalisés à l'Iita d'Ibadan en novembre 1981 et, un an plus tard, à Abeokuta, dans le sud-ouest du Nigéria. Une étude de la dynamique des populations de cochenilles et de leurs ennemis naturels a été menée pendant 4 ans. Les colonies de cochenilles du manioc atteignent généralement leur paroxysme au cours de la seconde moitié de la saison sèche (de janvier à avril). E. lopezi est le seul ennemi naturel qui soit présent durant toute l'année et en fortes densités. Les taux de parasitisme d'E. lopezi fluctuent en fonction de la densité des populations de cochenilles, ce qui suppose un effet régulateur de ce parasitoïde sur les colonies de cochenilles. Ces dernières ont été fortement réduites dans les champs des lâchers, comparativement aux champs témoins. Elles ont pu, dès lors, être maintenues au-dessous du seuil critique pendant 4 ans. E. lopezi est considéré comme un parasitoïde efficace de la cochenille du manioc.

Keywords

Epidinocarsis lopeziPhenacoccus manihotibiological controlNigeriaEpidinocarsis lopeziPhenacoccus manihotilutte biologiqueNigéria
Type
Symposium XI: Africa-wide Biological Control Programme of Cassava Pests
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 8 , Issue 4-5-6: Recent Advances in Research on Tropical Entomology , December 1987 , pp. 887 - 891
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1987

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