Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T23:46:47.288Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluation of onion (Allium cepa) germplasm entries for resistance to onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) in Tanzania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2017

Gabriel Michael Njau ,
Agnes M. S. Nyomora ,
Fekadu Fufa Dinssa ,
Jian-Cheng Chang ,
P. Malini ,
S. Subramanian  and
R. Srinivasan
Gabriel Michael Njau
Affiliation:
World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan, Republic of China Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, World Vegetable Center, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania Botany Department, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35060, Dar es SalaamTanzania
Agnes M. S. Nyomora
Affiliation:
Botany Department, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35060, Dar es SalaamTanzania
Fekadu Fufa Dinssa
Affiliation:
Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, World Vegetable Center, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania
Jian-Cheng Chang
Affiliation:
World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan, Republic of China Biology Division, Taiwan Sugar Research Institute, Tainan 70176, Taiwan, Republic of China
P. Malini
Affiliation:
World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan, Republic of China
S. Subramanian
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
R. Srinivasan*
Affiliation:
World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan, Republic of China
*
*E-mail: srini.ramasamy@worldveg.org
Get access

Abstract

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman), is a prominent species infesting onion and tomato in the northern highlands of Tanzania. It causes considerable leaf damage by direct feeding and also transmits the Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). Hence, one of the objectives of this study was to identify the most resistant onion entries against T. tabaci. One highly resistant (VI038552) and two resistant onion entries (VI038512 and AVON 1067) were identified against T. tabaci. Besides thrips resistance, the bulb size of VI038512 was also equivalent to one of the commercial varieties, Texas. The highly resistant VI038552 recorded the highest yield, followed by the resistant entry, VI038512. However, the yield of AVON 1067 was significantly lower. Elucidation of the biophysical bases of resistance revealed that there was a significant negative correlation between leaf angle as well as leaf toughness and thrips damage. The total epicuticular wax content in the leaves had a weak and non-significant negative relationship with thrips damage. The scanning electron microscopic study confirmed that the wax crystals occurred as filaments, rods, platelets, tubes and complex dendritic structures, and that they were densely arranged in resistant or moderately resistant entries. Studies on the biochemical basis of resistance confirmed that there was a significant negative relationship between total phenol content and thrips damage. Similarly, the relationship between total foliar amino acids or total sugars and thrips damage was inversely correlated and non-significant. Hence, entries VI038552 and VI038512 could be promising candidates for breeding programmes aimed at developing onion varieties that are resistant to thrips and that are high yielding, which will help to enhance the productivity of onions in sub-Saharan Africa.

Keywords

Onion germplasmresistancebiophysical basisbiochemical basisyieldTanzania
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 37 , Special Issue 2: Thrips and Tospovirus Management in East Africa , June 2017 , pp. 98 - 113
Copyright
Copyright © icipe 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abang, A. F., Srinivasan, R., Kekeunou, S., Yeboah, M., Hanna, R., Lin, M.-Y., Tenkouano, A. and Bilong Bilong, C. F. (2016) Relationship of phenotypic structures and allelochemical compounds of okra (Abelmoschus spp.) to resistance against Aphis gossypii Glover. International Journal of Pest Management 62, 55–63.Google Scholar
Akhtari, M., Dashti, F., Madadi, H. and Rondon, S. (2014) Evaluation of resistance to onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) in several Tareh Irani (Persian leek: Allium ampeloprasum Tareh group) landraces. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 47, 29–41.Google Scholar
Alimousavi, S. A., Hassandokht, M. R. and Moharramipour, S. (2007) Evaluation of Iranian onion germplasms for resistance to thrips. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 9, 897–890.Google Scholar
AVRDC [Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center] (1979) Progress Report for 1978. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Shanhua, Taiwan, Republic of China.Google Scholar
AVRDC [Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center] (1996) AVRDC 1995 Report. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan. 187 pp.Google Scholar
AVRDC [Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center] (1997) AVRDC 1996 Report. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan. 172 pp.Google Scholar
AVRDC [Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center] (1998) AVRDC Report 1997. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan. 191 pp.Google Scholar
AVRDC [Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center] (2000) AVRDC Report 1999. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan. 159 pp.Google Scholar
Bálint, J., Burghardt, N., Höhn, M., Pénzes, B. and Fail, J. (2013) Does epidermal thickness influence white cabbage resistance against onion thrips (Thrips tabaci)? Notulae Botanicae, Horti Agrobotanici, Cluj-Napoca 41, 444–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barakade, A. J., Lokhande, T. N. and Todkari, G. U. (2011) Economics of onion cultivation and its marketing pattern in Satara district of Maharashtra. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, 110–117.Google Scholar
Birithia, R. K., Subramanian, S., Muthomi, J. W. and Narla, R. D. (2014) Resistance to Iris yellow spot virus and onion thrips among onion varieties grown in Kenya. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 34, 73–79.Google Scholar
Birithia, R., Subramanian, S., Pappu, H. R., Sseruwagi, P., Muthomi, J. W. and Narla, R. D. (2011) First report of Iris yellow spot virus infecting onion in Kenya and Uganda. Plant Disease 95 (9), 1195.Google Scholar
Birithia, R., Subramanian, S., Pappu, H. R., Muthomi, J. and Narla, R. D. (2013) Analysis of Iris yellow spot virus replication in vector and non‐vector thrips species. Plant Pathology 62, 1407–1414. doi:10.1111/ppa.12057.Google Scholar
CABI (2016) Thrips tabaci (onion thrips). [Online] http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/53746 (accessed on December 23, 2016).Google Scholar
Chandrayudu, E., Vemena, K., Naik, B. S. and Prathyusha, C. (2016) Biophysical and biochemical constituents influencing thrips and jassid resistance in groundnut germplasm, pp. 780–782. In Natural Resource Management: Ecological Perspectives Vol. 2. Proceedings of the Indian Ecological Society International Conference, 18–20 February 2016 (edited by Peshin, R., Dhawan, A. K., Bano, F. and Risam, K. S.). Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, India.Google Scholar
Corzo-Martínez, M. and Villamiel, M. (2012) An overview on bioactivity of onion, pp. 1–48. In Onion Consumption and Health (edited by Aguirre, C. B. and Jaramillo, L. M.). Nova Science Publishers Inc., NY, USA.Google Scholar
da Silva, V. C. P., Bettoni, M. M., Bona, C. and Foerster, L. A. (2015) Morphological and chemical characteristics of onion plants (Allium cepa L.) associated with resistance to onion thrips. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy 37, 85–92.Google Scholar
Diaz-Montano, J., Fuchs, M., Nault, B. A. and Shelton, A. M. (2010) Evaluation of onion cultivars for resistance to onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Iris yellow spot virus . Journal of Economic Entomology 103, 925–937.Google Scholar
Diaz-Montano, J., Fuchs, M., Nault, B. A., Fail, J. and Shelton, A. M. (2011) Onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): a global pest of increasing concern in onion. Journal of Economic Entomology 104, 1–13.Google Scholar
Dreywood, R. (1946) Qualitative test for carbohydrate material. Industrial Engineering Chemistry and Analytical Edition 18, 499. doi: 10.1021/i560156a015.Google Scholar
EPPO (1999) EPPO data sheets on quarantine pests: Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus . EPPO Bulletin 29, 465–472. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1999.tb01420.x.Google Scholar
FAO (2017) FAOSTAT – Crops. [Online] http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (accessed on February 15, 2017).Google Scholar
Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. and Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3, 294–299.Google Scholar
Gent, D. H., du Toit, L. J., Fichtner, S. F., Krishna Mohan, S., Pappu, H. R. and Schwartz, H. F. (2006) Iris yellow spot virus: an emerging threat to onion bulb and seed production. Plant Disease 90, 1468–1480.Google Scholar
Hamilton, B. K., Pike, L. M., Sparks, A. N., Bender, D. A., Jones, R. W., Candeia, J. and de Franca, G. (1999) Heritability of thrips resistance in the ‘IPA-3’ onion cultivar in South Texas. Euphytica 109, 117–122.Google Scholar
Hemmati, F. and Benedictus, P. (2000) Study of onion germplasms of Iranian gene bank for resistance to thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind), p. 71. In Proceedings of 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress Vol. 1: Pests. 5–8 September 2000, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.Google Scholar
Hudák, K. and Pénzes, B. (2004) Factors influencing the population of the onion thrips on onion. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 39, 193–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iftikhar, R., Ashfaq, M., Rasool, A. and Hebert, P. D. N. (2016) DNA barcode analysis of Thrips (Thysanoptera) diversity in Pakistan reveals cryptic species complexes. PLoS One 11 (1), e0146014. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146014.Google Scholar
Johnson, S. N. and Gregory, P. J. (2006) Chemically-mediated host-plant location and selection by root-feeding insects. Physiological Entomology 31, 1–13. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.2005.00487.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kadirvel, P., Srinivasan, R., Hsu, Y.-C., Su, F.-C. and de la Peña, R. (2013) Application of cytochrome oxidase I sequences for phylogenetic analysis and identification of thrips species occurring on vegetable crops. Journal of Economic Entomology 106, 408–418.Google Scholar
Kandakoor, S. B., Khan, H. K., Chakravarthy, A. K., Kumar, C. T. and Venkataravana, P. (2014) Biochemical constituents influencing thrips resistance in groundnut germplasm. Journal of Environmental Biology 35, 675–681.Google Scholar
Khalil, H., Raza, A. B. M., Afzal, M., Aqueel, M. A., Khalil, M. S. and Mansoor, M. M. (2015) Effects of plant morphology on the incidence of sucking insect pests complex in few genotypes of cotton. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences doi: 10.1016/j.jssas.2015.11.003.Google Scholar
Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16, 111–120.Google Scholar
Lewis, T. (Ed.) (1997) Thrips as Crop Pests. CAB International, Oxon, UK. 736 pp.Google Scholar
Librado, P. and Rozas, J. (2009) DnaSP v5: A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 25, 1451–1452.Google Scholar
Loges, V., Lemos, M. A., Resende, L. V., Menezes, D., Candeia, J. A. and Santos, V. F. (2004a) Correlation of agronomic characters associated to thrips resistance in onion (Correlações entre caracteres agronômicos associados à resistência a tripes em cebola). Horticultura Brasileira 22, 624–627.Google Scholar
Loges, V., Lemos, M. A., Resende, L. V., Menezes, D., Candeia, J. A. and Santos, V. F. (2004b) Thrips resistance in onion cultivars and hybrids. Horticultura Brasileira 22, 222–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, P. M. and Lee, H. S. (1985) The life history and seasonal occurrence of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman). Journal of Agricultural Research China 36, 118–124.Google Scholar
Mamiro, D. P., Maerere, A. P., Sibuga, K. P., Ebaugh, M. J., Miller, S. A., Mtui, H. D., Mgembe, E., Msuya-Bengesi, C. P. and Aloyce, A. (2014) Local community's knowledge on onion production, pests and pests management in Kilosa and Kilolo districts, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13, 18–26.Google Scholar
Manach, C., Scalbert, A., Morand, C., Rémésy, C. and Jiménez, L. (2004) Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79, 727–747.Google Scholar
Maniania, , N. K., Sithanantham, S., Ekesi, S., Ampong-Nyarko, K., Baumgärtner, J., Löhr, B. and Matoka, C. M. (2003) A field trial of the entomogenous fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for control of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci . Crop Protection 22, 553–559.Google Scholar
Martin, N. A., Workman, P. J. and Butler, R. C. (2003) Insecticide resistance in onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 31, 99–106.Google Scholar
Moritz, G., Brandt, S., Triapitsyn, S. and Subramanian, S. (2013) Identification and Information Tools for Pest Thrips in East Africa. QAAFI Biological Information Technology (QBIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. ISBN 978-1-74272-067-8. [Online] http://thripsnet.zoologie.unihalle.de/key-server-neu/data/03030c05-030b-4107-880b-0a0a0702060d/media/Html/index.html Google Scholar
Morse, J. G. and Hoddle, M. S. (2006) Invasion biology of thrips. Annual Review of Entomology 51, 67–89.Google Scholar
Nei, M. and Tajima, F. (1981) DNA polymorphism detectable by restriction endonucleases. Genetics 97, 145–163.Google Scholar
Nouri Moghaddam, R., Jaliani, N., Habibi, J. and Ali Akbar, A. (2004) Study of resistant resources of Iranian onion landraces to thrips, p. 432. In Proceedings of 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Vol. 1: Pests, 28 August–1 September 2004. University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.Google Scholar
O'Neal, M. E., Landis, D. A. and Isaacs, R. (2002) An inexpensive, accurate method for measuring leaf area and defoliation through digital image analysis. Journal of Economic Entomology 95, 1190–1194.Google Scholar
Ohta, I. (2002) Host plant resistance in Japanese chrysanthemums against Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) during the non-flowering stage. Applied Entomology and Zoology 37, 271–277.Google Scholar
Patil, A. P., Nawale, R. N., Ajri, D. S. and Moholkar, P. R. (1988) Field screening of onion cultivars for their reaction to thrips. Indian Cocoa, Arecanut, Spices Journal 12, 10–11.Google Scholar
Pawar, D. B., Mote, U. N., Kale, P. N. and Ajri, D. S. (1987) Identification of resistant sources for thrips in onion. Current Research Reports of the Mahatma Phule Agricultural University 3, 115–117.Google Scholar
Pozzer, L., Bezerra, I. C., Kormelink, R., Prins, M., Peters, D., Resende, R. de, O. and de Ávila, A. C. (1999) Characterization of a tospovirus isolate of Iris yellow spot virus associated with a disease in onion fields in Brazil. Plant Disease 83, 345–350.Google Scholar
Rakha, M., Hanson, P. and Ramasamy, S. (2017) Identification of resistance to Bemisia tabaci Genn. in closely related wild relatives of cultivated tomato based on trichome type analysis and choice and no-choice assays. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 64, 247–260. Google Scholar
Raza, A. B. M., Afzal, M., Sarfraz, M., Bashir, M. H., Gogi, M. D. and Sarwar, M. S. (2000) Physico-morphic plant characters in relation to resistance against sucking insect pests in some new cotton genotypes. Pakistan Entomologist 22, 73–77.Google Scholar
Rhee, Y., Hlousek-Radojcic, A., Ponsamuel, J., Liu, D. and Post-Beittenmiller, D. (1998) Epicuticular wax accumulation and fatty acid elongation activities are induced during leaf development of leeks. Plant Physiology 116, 901–911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rueda, A., Badenes-Perez, F. R. and Shelton, A. M. (2007) Developing economic thresholds for onion thrips in Honduras. Crop Protection 26, 1099–1107.Google Scholar
Shaner, G. and Finney, R. E. (1977) The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the expression of slow-mildewing resistance in Knox wheat. Phytopathology 67, 1051–1056.Google Scholar
Shelton, A. M., Wilsey, W. T. and Schmaedick, M. A. (1998) Management of onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cabbage by using plant resistance and insecticides. Journal of Economic Entomology 91, 329–333.Google Scholar
Sorensen, S. P. L. (1907) Titration of aminoacids in presence of formaldehyde. Fermentstudien. Biochemische Zeitschrift 7, 45–101.Google Scholar
Srinivas, P. S., Qureshi, A. A. and Lawande, K. E. (2008) Growth stage susceptibility of onion (Allium cepa) and its role in thrips management. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 78, 98–101.Google Scholar
Swain, U. and Hillis, W. E. (1959) The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica. I. The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 10, 63–68.Google Scholar
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. and Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28, 2731–2739.Google Scholar
Trdan, S., Žnidarčič, D., Zlatić, E. and Jerman, J. (2004) Correlation between epicuticular wax content in the leaves of early white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and damage caused by Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Acta Phytopathologica Entomologica Hungarica 39, 173–185.Google Scholar
Voorrips, R. E., Steenhuis-Broers, G., Tiemens-Hulscher, M. and Lammerts van Bueren, E. T. (2008) Plant traits affecting thrips resistance in cabbage. In Cultivating the Future Based on Science. Proceedings of the Second Scientific Conference of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), held at the 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress in Cooperation with the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) and the Consorzio ModenaBio, 18–20 June 2008 in Modena, Italy (edited by Neuhoff, D., Halberg, N., Alfldi, T., Lockeretz, W., Thommen, A., Rasmussen, I. A., Hermansen, J., Vaarst, M., Lck, L., Carporali, F., Jensen, H. H., Migliorini, P. and Willer, H.). International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR) Bonn and Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick. [Online]. http://orgprints.org/13672 and http://orgprints.org/13674.Google Scholar
Waiganjo, M. M., Mueke, J. M. and Gitonga, L. M. (2008) Susceptible onion growth stages for selective and economic protection from onion thrips infestation. Acta Horticulurae Sciences 767, 193–200 doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.767.19 [Online] https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.767.19.Google Scholar
Wheeler, G. S. and Center, T. D. (1997) Growth and development of the biological control agent Bagous hydrillae as influenced by hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) stem quality. Biological Control 8, 52–57.Google Scholar