Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-r5zm4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-07T21:02:27.754Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Distribution and species composition of stemborers and their natural enemies in maize and sorghum in Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Emana Getu ,
W. A. Overholt  and
E. Kairu
Emana Getu
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
W. A. Overholt
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
E. Kairu
Affiliation:
Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access

Abstract

Surveys were conducted to determine the species composition of stemborers and their natural enemies in maize and sorghum in 1999 and 2000 in eastern, northern, southern and western Ethiopia. The six species of stemborers found attacking maize and sorghum were Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Busseola fusca Fuller, Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), S. nonagrioides botanephaga Tarns & Bowden (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Rhynchaenus niger (Horn) (Coleoptera: Rhynchophoridae) and Pissodes dubious (Ström) (Coleoptera: Rhynchophoridae). Twenty species of primary parasitoids of eggs, larvae and pupae of Ch. partellus, B. fusca and S. calamistis were recorded. Other natural enemies, including predators, fungi and nematodes, were also found. Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the dominant and the most widely distributed parasitoid of stemborers in Ethiopia, and was reared from field-collected Ch. partellus, B. fusca and S. calamistis.

Résumé

Des enquêtes ont été menées en 1999 et 2000 en Ethiopie afin de déterminer la composition des espèces de foreurs présents sur maïs et sorgho et leurs ennemis naturels. Les six espèces de foreurs trouvées sur le maïs et le sorgho sont Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Busseola fusca Fuller, Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), S. nonagrioides botanephaga Tams & Bowden (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Rhynchaenus niger (Horn) (Coleoptera: Rhynchophoridae) et Pissodes dubious (Ström) (Coleoptera: Rhynchophoridae). Vingt espèces de parasitoïdes primaires des oeufs, des larves et des pupes de Ch. partellus, B. fusca et S. calamistis ont été répertoriés. D'autres ennemis naturels en l'occurrence des prédateurs, des champignons et des nématodes ont aussi été trouvés. Le plus abondant et le plus largement répartie des parasitoïdes des foreurs en Ethiopie a été Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Il a été collecté sur Ch. partellus, B. fusca et S. calamistis.

Keywords

distributionstemborersnatural enemiesmaizesorghumestablishmentChilo partellusCotesia flavipesBusseola fuscaEthiopiadistributionforeursennemis naturelsmaïssorghoacclimatationChilo partellusCotesia flavipesBusseola fuscaEthiopie
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , December 2001 , pp. 353 - 359
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Assefa, G. A. (1985) Survey of lepidopterous stem borers attacking maize and sorghum in Ethiopia. Ethiopian J. Agric. Sci. 79, 15–26.Google Scholar
Benti, T. and Ransom, J. (Eds) (1993) Proceedings of the First National Maize Workshop of Ethiopia. 5–7 May 1992, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. IAR/CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, 189 pp.Google Scholar
Bonhof, M. J., Overholt, W. A., Van Huis, A. and Polaszek, A. (1997) Natural enemies of cereal stem borers in East Africa: A review. Insect Sci. Applic. 17, 19–35.Google Scholar
[CSA] Central Statistical Authority (1997) Agricultural sample survey 1996/97: Report on area and production for major crops (private peasant holdings, Meher season). Statistical Bulletin No. 171. CSA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 57 pp.Google Scholar
Cugala, D., Overholt, W. A., Giga, D. and Santos, L. (1999) Performance of Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) and Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as biological control agents against cereal stemborers in Mozambique. Afr. Crop Sci. J. 7, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emana, G. and Tsedeke, A. (1999) Management of maize stem borer using sowing date at Arsi-Negele. Pest Manage. J. Ethiopia 3, 47–52.Google Scholar
Gounou, S., Schulthess, F., Shanower, T., Hammond, W. N. O., Braima, H., Cudjoe, A. R., Adjakloe, R. and Antwi, K. K. (1994) Stem borer and ear borers of maize in Ghana. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Plant Health Management Research Monograph.Google Scholar
Haile, A. and Hofsvang, T. (2001) Survey of lepidopterous stem borer pests of sorghum, maize and pearl millet in Eritrea. Crop Protection 20, 151–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauma, T. M. (2000) Yield losses caused by stem borers on maize and establishment of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in eastern Uganda. MSc thesis, Makerere University.Google Scholar
Kfir, R. (1991) Selecting parasite for biological control of lepidopterous stalk borers in summer grain crops in South Africa. Redia 74, 231–236.Google Scholar
Maes, K. (1997) The taxonomy of the lepidopteran cereal stem borers of Africa. Insect Sci. Applic. 17, 9–12.Google Scholar
Mulugeta, N. (2001) Survey of parasitoids on lepidopterous stem borers attacking maize and sorghum in some localities of Ethiopia. Pest Manage. J. Ethiopia 5, 69–75.Google Scholar
Ngi-Song, A. J., Overholt, W. A. and Ayertey, J. A. (1995) Suitability of African gramineous stemborers for development of Cotesia flavipes and C. sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environ. Entomol. 24, 978–984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Omwega, C. O., Overholt, W. A., Mbapila, J. C. and Kimani-Njogu, S. W. (1997) Establishment and dispersal of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an exotic endoparasitoid of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in northern Tanzania. African Entomology 5, 71–75.Google Scholar
Overholt, W. A. (1998) Biological control, pp. 349–362. In African Cereal Stem Borers: Economic Importance, Taxonomy, Natural Enemies and Control (Edited by Polaszek, A.). CABI Bioscience, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
Overholt, W. A., Ngi-Song, A. J., Omwega, C. O., Kimani, S. W., Mbapila, J., Sallam, M. N. and Ofomata, V. (1997) A review of the introduction and establishment of Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) in East Africa for biological control of cereal stem borers. Insect Sci. Applic. 17, 79–88.Google Scholar
Overholt, W. A., Ogedah, K. and Lammers, P. M. (1994) Distribution and sampling of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in maize and sorghum on the Kenya coast. Bull. Entomol. Res. 84, 367–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polaszek, A. (Ed.) (1998) African Cereal Stem Borers: Economic Importance, Taxonomy, Natural Enemies and Control. CABI Bioscience, Wallingford, UK. 529 pp.Google Scholar
SAS Institute (1998) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Release 6.03. Cary, NC, USA. 1028 pp.Google Scholar
Seshu Reddy, K. V. (1983) Studies on the stem borer complex of sorghum in Kenya. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 3–10.Google Scholar
Skoroszewski, R. W. and van Hamburg, H. (1987) The release of Apanteles flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) against stalk borers of maize and grain sorghum in South Africa, J. Entomol. Soc. Sth Afr. 50, 249–255.Google Scholar
Yitaferu, K. and Walker, A. K. (1997) Studies on the maize stem borer, Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its major parasitoid, Dolichogenida fuscivora (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in eastern Ethiopia. Bull. Entomol. Res. 87, 319–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar